They forgot to add their god ‘Allah’ to the text 9 times! - Quranic Corrections Ep. 5

We continue in this episode with four examples of corrections taken from Dr Brubaker's book, entitled, 'Correction in Early Qur'an Manuscripts'.

Example 2: This second example Dr Brubaker provides is an erasure from Surah 42:21 found in the Petropolitanus Manuscript, situated in Paris, France (BnF Arabe 328, fol. 58v.). Pictured in the book is the second of three instances where the word ‘Lahum’ (‘to them’ or ‘for them’) is
used.

Originally the phrase used the word ‘lahu’ (‘to him’ - singular) but was erased and then written over top with ‘lahum’, making it plural. So, while it used to say, ‘Or do they have associates who enacted for him’, it now says ‘Or do they have associates who enacted for them’.

While both phrases are correct grammatically, it seems that the only reason this was changed was in order to make the existing text correspond to the 1924 Hafs text.

Remember, this is the text chosen by Muhammad b. ‘Ali al-Husayni
al-Haddad from Al Azhar university in Cairo as the standard for all of the high schools in the city of Cairo, so that they could have
standardized answers to the exams on the Qur’an.

This became so successful that in 1936 they made this ‘Hafs’ text the standard for all of Egypt, naming it the ‘Faruq edition’ to commemorate king Faruq who was crowned that year. In 1985, King Fahd, of Saudi Arabia, noticed how successful the Egyptian model was, and so decided to make the ‘Hafs’ text standard for all the world. So, the Qur’an we are using today, was first created by a student in Kufa in 796 AD, then became the standard in Cairo in 1924, and the standard for Egypt it 1936, and finally became standard for the whole world in 1985, just 34 years ago; proving that our current Qur’an is a very new creation.

Example 3: Here we have examples of 9 different instances with
insertions of the word ‘Allah’ (the word for god), inserted mostly in
the Fustat Umayyad Codex. All of them were added either above the line, or within the text, squeezed between other words, and often written in a different ink, proving that they were all added at a later date, and by a different scribe.

In every case the word ‘Allah’ was not really needed, but the fact that they were added, proves that the reason was to correspond with the 1924 ‘Hafs’ text.

Example 4: In this example we find a definite erasure of a word in Surah 30:9, which Dan photographed in the Marcel 2 manuscript, located in the National Library of Russia (NLR), in St. Petersburg (folio 30v), where Dr Brubaker went personally to investigate and take the pictures.

A later scribe erased the word but had nothing to replace it. The
erasure is located between the words ‘aqibatu’ (‘the fate’) and
‘alladhina’ (‘of those’).

The size of the erasure suggests a word with around 4-6 letters, and Dr Brubaker surmises that it could have been a number of possibilities, including ‘kullu min’ (‘all of’), or ‘kathiran min’ (‘most of’), or even ‘al-yahud’ (‘the Jews’), or possibly ‘al-nas’ (‘the people’).

We’ll never know, since one cannot see what they have erased. We do know, however, that by erasing the word, the remaining text now
corresponds to the 1924 ‘Hafs’ canonized text.

Example 5: These corrections, five in total, are the same ones pictured on the cover of his book, and are found between Surah 6:91 – 6:97. They are located in the manuscript housed in the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar (MS. 474.2003, fol. 9v).

In the first correction the word ‘alayhi’ (‘against him’) has been
written over an erasure in Q6:93, following the words ‘bima kuntum
taqulun’ (for what you (pl.) used to say’). Yet, alayhi is not in the
1924 ‘Hafs’ text.

With the second correction the words ‘ala allah’ (‘about Allah’) has
been written out in the margin, but oddly without erasing the ‘alayhi’
(‘against him’) which it is intended to supplant. Either the later
scribe was just inept, or he simply didn’t care that others saw the
correction.

In the third correction the word ‘alladhina’ (‘whom’) has been inserted where it was at first omitted.

With the fourth correction the word ‘ya’lamun’ (‘they know’) has been written over an erasure. The shadow of the original text can still be seen and appears to be ‘BHMWN’, though we will never know.

The fifth and final correction has not yet been studied by Dr Brubaker, though it is obvious that a later scribe has inserted a word which was not there originally.

In every case we find that these corrections were intentional attempts by later scribes to standardize the existing text so that they would correspond with that which we have today, proving once again that the Qur’an was maintained, corrected and standardized by human hands.

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