China’s String of Pearls & India’s Indian Ocean Challenge | UPSC | Drishti IAS

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The Indian Ocean region has emerged as a major arena of global power competition in international relations. In this session, Mr. Saurabh Chaturvedi, Expert Faculty at Drishti IAS, explains China’s “String of Pearls” strategy and how it aims to strategically encircle India through a network of ports and naval facilities across the Indian Ocean. From Coco Island and Gwadar Port to Hambantota Port and infrastructure development in the Maldives and Myanmar, the lecture highlights how China’s expanding maritime presence poses serious concerns for India’s security.
The discussion also covers the role of major powers such as the United States in Diego Garcia, the strategic importance of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India’s strategic dilemma between QUAD and SCO, increasing military exercises in the region, and the growing security challenges in the Indian Ocean.
This analysis is highly relevant for UPSC Prelims and Mains (GS Paper 2 – International Relations) and will help aspirants build strong conceptual clarity.
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