The Habsburg Jaw And The deadly Cost Of Royal Inbreeding In Europe weirdest royal marriages

The Habsburg Jaw And The Cost Of Royal Inbreeding In Europe, inside the life of Charles II,

Monarchs who were most inbred were the worst leaders, study suggests - and Spain's Charles II, whose parents were uncle and niece, fared worst of all, Charles II’s father, Philip IV, had married his own sister’s daughter, a dangerously close relationship that made him both Charles’s father and great-uncle,
Inbreeding of European royals impacted their ability to rule, research suggests,
It all starts in the fifteenth century,
For centuries members of Europe's royal families often married their close relatives. 
The practice, which stretched across countries including France, Spain and Austria, helped consolidate power, titles and thrones.
But it also led to problems. Offspring born to mothers and fathers who share a common ancestry are more vulnerable to birth defects and harmful DNA mutations.  
In the case of the kings and queens of Europe, this meant some heirs were born with medical issues or died in infancy. It also, research suggests, caused reduced intelligence, which in turn impacted the monarch's ability to rule.

The Habsburg jaw — the prominent facial deformity that affected the European royal family of the same name — was the result of 200 years of inbreeding, a study found in 2019.
Geneticists and surgeons analysed the deformities visible in various portraits of the dynasty and compared this with the amount of inbreeding across their family tree. 
Until then it had been unclear whether the family's characteristic jawline had been the result of inbreeding or not.

Who was 'The Hexed' Charles II of Spain who brought the House of Habsburg dynasty to an end?

Charles II was nicknamed El Hechizado ('The Hexed') because people thought his disabilities were down to witchcraft

Nicknamed El Hechizado ('The Hexed') because people at the time thought Charles II's disabilities were down to witchcraft, it is believed he suffered from at least two inherited disorders.
One was a hormone deficiency and the other a kidney malfunction which could explain his impotence and infertility which led to the extinction of the dynasty.
He was born on the 11th of November 1661, and was the only surviving son of his father's two marriages - a child of old age and disease, in whom the constant intermarriages of the Habsburgs had developed the family type to deformity. 

'He was unable to speak until the age of four, and could not walk until the age of eight.
'He was short, weak and quite lean and thin. He first marries at 18 and later at 29, leaving no descendency.
'His first wife talks of his premature ejaculation, while his second spouse complains about his impotency. He looked like an old person when he was only 30 years old, suffering from edemas on his feet, legs, abdomen and face.
'During the last years of his life he barely can stand up, and suffers from hallucinations and convulsive episodes. His health worsens until his premature death when he was 39, after an episode of fever, abdominal pain, hard breathing and coma.'
The cosanguineous marriages also contributed to the development of the 'Hapsburg jaw' which featured in paintings by Titian and Velazaquez. This disfiguring condition is where the lower jaw grows faster than upper jaw.
As well as having this trait, Charles II's tongue was so big he had difficulty speaking and drooled.
the reign of Charles II was 'an uninterrupted series of calamities'. 

In addition to being socially and culturally taboo, incestuous marriages are harmful in that they lead to higher rates of miscarriages, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths (only half of the Habsburg children survived to the age of 10, compared with the 80 percent survival rate of children from other Spanish families of the same time period

Under his rule, the amount of land controlled by Spain also declined.  
Charles's death meant the male line of the Spanish branch of the family, which produced rulers in Austria, Hungary and the Netherlands, died out. 
'The power struggles that followed Carlos II’s death brought a new dynasty to the Spanish throne – the Spanish Bourbons,' noted Ottinger and Nico Voigtländer.
Following Charles II came the reigns of Philip V, who ruled from 1700-46, except for a brief period in 1724, and Ferdinand VI (1746–59), who are described by the academics as 'relatively undistinguished'. 
However after them came the 'highly capable' Charles III, who came to the throne in 1759. 
Unlike his namesake, Spain flourished under his reign and saw the 'continued improvement in financial and commercial conditions, including agriculture and the useful arts,' noted Woods. 
While this might be due to a number of factors, it is also true that Charles III's parents were cousins of the third degree. 

The Habsburg dynasty serves as a kind of human laboratory for researchers to do so,” said Vilas, “because the range of inbreeding is so high.”#history

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