Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland - Deeper Dive

The hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together to produce and release a number of hormones that are critically important for a long list of functions in the body. In this video, I first introduce the hypothalamus and pituitary gland separately, then I describe the connections and communication between them that leads to hormone release. Finally, I discuss the hormonal stress response of the HPA axis as an example of how the hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together.

00:00 Introduction
00:33 Hypothalamus
2:29 Pituitary gland
4:28 Hypothalamus & pituitary gland (connections & communication)
5:00 Hypophyseal portal system
6:28 HPA axis (example of hypothalamus & pituitary function)

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REFERENCES
Barkhoudarian G, Kelly D. "The Pituitary Gland: Anatomy, Physiology, and its Function as the Master Gland." In Cushing's Disease: An Often Misdiagnosed and Not So Rare Disorder, ed. by Edward R. Laws Jr. New York: Elsevier Science & Technology, 2017.

Fong H, Zheng J, Kurrasch D. The structural and functional complexity of the integrative hypothalamus. Science. 2023 Oct 27;382(6669):388-394. doi: 10.1126/science.adh8488. Epub 2023 Oct 26. PMID: 37883552.

Kontogeorgos G, Stefaneanu L, Kovacs K, Horvath E. "Hypophysis." In The Human Nervous System, ed. by Jürgen K. Mai and George Paxinos. Third ed. New York: Elsevier, 2012.

N.L. Strominger et al., Noback’s Human Nervous System, Seventh Edition: Structure and Function, 363 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-779-8_21, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 Tasker JG, Herman JP. Mechanisms of rapid glucocorticoid feedback inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Stress. 2011 Jul;14(4):398-406. doi: 10.3109/10253890.2011.586446.

Saper CB, Lowell BB. The hypothalamus. Curr Biol. 2014 Dec 1;24(23):R1111-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.023. Epub 2014 Dec 1. PMID: 25465326.

Thiel KJ, Dretsch MN. Basics of the Stress Response. In: Conrad CD, ed. The Handbook of Stress: Neuropsychological Effects on the Brain. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011: 1-28.

Vanderah TW, Gould DJ. Nolte's The Human Brain. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016.

Vedder H. Physiology of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis. Neuroimmune Biology. 2007.

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Видео Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland - Deeper Dive канала Neuroscientifically Challenged