Pneumonia Community Acquired Typical (Part 1)

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This video presents following topics about the pneumonia typical community-acquired:

Definition
Onset
Risk Factors
Presentation
Clinical Findings
Pathogenesis
Stages
X-Ray Findings
Histopathology
Complications

Notes:
Community-Acquired Typical Pneumonia

Two types:
Typical
Atypical

This session is about typical pneumonia.

Typical pneumonia involves the alveoli and consolidates them. Consolidated alveoli mean fluid-filled alveoli. An x-ray will show the congestion; clinical presentation will also reflect this congestion.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main pathogen we will look at.

Risk Factors
People with chronic diseases like COPD, HTN, and Diabetes. Asplenic patients are also at high risk. The reason is that macrophages in the spleen filter out the capsular pathogens like pneumococci. Asplenic patients do not have these macrophages sitting in one place and hunting these pathogens.
Groups on the age extreme i.e. older people and children are also at risk of pneumonia. People who develop upper respiratory infections (common cold for example) can develop pneumonia.

Presentation and Clinical Findings
Sudden onset of high-grade fever. The patient may complain of common cold, lethargy, and then the sudden development of high-grade fever, dyspnea, breathlessness, etc.
Dullness on percussion is observed due to the filled areas of the lungs.
Vocal fremitus is observed.
Bronchophony will be present.
Egophony will be present. (E will sound like A when heard through a stethoscope.)
Inspiratory crackles will be observed. (Crackles at the end of the inspiration.)
Bronchial breathing will be observed, instead of vesicular breathing.

Pneumococcus
Lancet shaped pathogen.
Usually diplococci.
Capsular.
India Ink test is positive.
Gram-positive.

Usually, pneumococcus enters the lungs from the oropharyngeal aspirate or through the aerosol of other people. Once entered the pneumococcus wills start sticking to the epithelium. The pathology will progress in four stages.
Congestion
Red Hepatization
Gray Hepatization
Resolution

Note: due to the antibiotics it is possible that these stages do not proceed in the exact same stages.

Congestion is the normal inflammatory process.

Will talk more in the later lectures…

Видео Pneumonia Community Acquired Typical (Part 1) канала Drbeen Medical Lectures