The p-value — what p below 0.05 really means #Shorts

p below 0.05 does NOT mean you're 95% right.

Assume nothing's going on — the null hypothesis. The p-value is the chance of seeing data this extreme just by luck. So a small p means "this would be surprising if nothing were going on" — not "the effect is real with 95% probability." And 0.05 is just a convention: a useful flag, not a verdict.

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