Gas Optimization Patterns — Forge College

Want to cut execution costs in your Solidity functions without sacrificing readability or testability? This lesson shows concrete, reversible patterns to reduce gas after you’ve already organized your contract logic.

What you'll learn: You will learn why storage writes (SSTORE) and calldata/memory copies dominate gas costs and how to target them with function-level changes. The lesson walks through creating a reproducible local debugging workflow using Hardhat and a gas reporter, building a small contract (contracts/HotspotExample.sol) with intentionally inefficient functions, and running tests (test/gas.spec.js) to capture per-function estimates. You’ll practice specific code changes — favoring calldata over memory for external arrays, minimizing storage accesses, shrinking variable scopes, introducing immutable and constant variables, batching operations, and reworking control flow to avoid repeated expensive operations — then verify before/after gas estimates and document results in a short debug_report.

Who this is for: Intermediate Solidity developers who already separate concerns across view/external/internal functions and are comfortable with Hardhat, JavaScript tests, and basic gas concepts.

Key topics covered:
- Measuring per-function gas with Hardhat and hardhat-gas-reporter
- Identifying SSTORE and calldata/memory hotspots and their costs
- Replacing memory with calldata for external array parameters
- Using immutable and constant to reduce storage reads
- Batching iterations and minimizing repeated storage access
- Creating a short debug_report with before/after gas numbers

Get hands-on: follow the guided setup, run the example tests, and document your changes. Start learning more at https://www.forge.college/

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