Canine Cryptorchidism Explained by Doc Pawsitive

Doc Pawsitive takes a few moments to explain cryptorchidism in male dogs, also known as undescended testicle(s). The term cryptorchidism broken down simply means "crypto" or hidden with "orchid" or testicle. A cryptorchid dog has a hidden testicle, which is defined as a testicle that has not descended into the scrotum, the normal position for testes. This condition is more commonly seen in toy breed dogs such as Chihuahuas, Yorkshire Terriers, Maltese, Pomeranians and others. Cryptorchism is a heritable condition, meaning it can be passed down through generations and consequently cryptorchid dogs should never be bred. The majority of dogs should never be bred anyway, but the undescended testicle is prone to other problems in the long-term, including testicular cancer. In a normal male dog, the position of the scrotum below the body ensures the testicles are maintained at a lower temperature than normal canine body temperature. The lower scrotal temperature ensures the sperm viability for reproduction. Undescended testicles at higher than normal temperatures have a much higher incidence of testicular cancers or neoplasms. Studies show that over 50% of testicular Sertoli Cell tumors occur in cryptorchid dogs. The reason for this condition is simply a failure of the testicle to migrate to the normal position as puppies develop in-utero, or inside the mother. Embryologically the testes start out in nearly the same position as the ovaries in a female dog, however while the ovaries stay put, the testes migrate down through the abdomen headed for the scrotum. With cryptorchism, one or both of the testes fails to migrate the full path and reach the scrotum. Occassionally the testes may nearly reach the scrotum and can be felt in the groin area right next to the scrotum. Other times the testes remain intra-abdominal, or inside the abdomen. In the instances of intra-abdominal cryptorchids, the canine neuter surgery will be more expensive than a standard neuter because of the increase in surgical difficulty. An intra-abdominal cryptorchid neuter is actually more similar to a canine spay or ovariohysterectomy and consequently costs almost the same as having a female dog spayed.

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