6 Construction Failures, and What We Learned From Them

Things can go wrong in scientific experiments sometimes, but when it comes to engineering, getting things wrong can be disastrous.

#STEM #Engineering #Construction #Bridges #Failure #Learning

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Sources:
Tay Bridge:

http://taybridgedisaster.co.uk
http://web.archive.org/web/20161121202031/http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/scotlandshistory/makingindustrialurban/taybridgedisaster/index.asp
http://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?printable=1&id=3524
http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BoT_TayInquiry1880.pdf http://www.technologystudent.com/struct1/taybrd2.htm
http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.1680/imotp.1923.14462
http://www.victorianweb.org/technology/bridges/52.html
http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB49864,south%20esk%20viaduct
https://www.theengineer.co.uk/issues/january-2013-online/january-1880-the-aftermath-of-the-tay-bridge-disaster/

Quebec Bridge:

https://www.britannica.com/technology/bridge-engineering/Concrete#ref592369
http://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=encee_facpub
https://www.erudit.org/revue/scientia/1987/v11/n2/800254ar.pdf
http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=18258&context=rtd
ftp://ftp.ccs.carleton.ca/pub/civeng/ECL/ecl270.txt
http://mceer.buffalo.edu/education/bridge_speaker_series/2009-2010/presentations/P1%20Lessons%20learned%20from%20Bridge%20Failures_FINAL.pdf
https://books.google.com/books?id=JjdRuG7xmlwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.matscieng.sunysb.edu/disaster/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/258387027_fig1_Figure-1-Quebec-Bridge-collapsed-for-the-2nd-time-on-September-11-1916
Tacoma Narrows Bridge:

https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/TNBhistory/spanning_time.htm#1940
http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/TNBhistory/Connections/connections3.htm
https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/TNBhistory/Machine/machine3.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ai2QFxStxo
http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-myth-of-galloping-gertie
http://www.ketchum.org/billah/Billah-Scanlan.pdf
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.6640.pdf
http://www.math.harvard.edu/archive/21b_fall_03/tacoma/
http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/collections/exhibits/tnb
http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/collections/exhibits/tnb/collapse
https://www.aapt.org/Store/upload/tacoma_narrows2.pdf
http://aapt.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1119/1.2201854
http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~kagan/phy596/Articles/TacomaNarrowsBridge/PhysicsTeacher-TacomaNarrowBridge.pdf
http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/bronx-whitestone/

Hyatt Regency:

http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build82/art002.html
http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build82/PDF/b82002.pdf
http://skywalk.kansascity.com/articles/20-years-later-many-are-continuing-learn-skywalk-collapse/
http://commandsafety.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/7-17-2011-10-48-46-AM.jpg
http://skywalk.kansascity.com/articles/20-years-later-many-are-continuing-learn-skywalk-collapse/
https://books.google.com/books?id=pp3OIzJFB5QC&pg=PA115#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.thinkreliability.com/case_studies/root-cause-analysis-of-the-hyatt-regency-disaster-cautionary-tale-about-assumptions/
Citicorp Tower:

http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_eye/2014/04/17/the_citicorp_tower_design_flaw_that_could_have_wiped_out_the_skyscraper.html
http://www.theaiatrust.com/whitepapers/ethics/study.php
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1995/05/29/the-fifty-nine-story-crisis
http://people.duke.edu/~hpgavin/cee421/citicorp1.htm

Millennium Bridge:

http://www.ingenia.org.uk/Ingenia/Articles/123
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/11/051103080801.htm
https://static.squarespace.com/static/5436e695e4b07f1e91b30155/t/54486c1de4b0d7fec2714db8/1414032413730/crowd-synchrony-on-the-millennium-bridge.pdf
http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~den/ICSV9_04.htm
http://www.taylordevices.com/papers/damper/damper.pdf

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