UPDATE Manyeleti Game Reserve snare - Maribye's tracks leave Djuma, northward, AM May 19 2024

video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHP2EOtZMWg

Bounties and encroachment decreased the African Painted Wolf population from 500,000 with packs of 100, down to 1,400 adults. On GKNP lions cause 90% of the Painted Wolves deaths, lack of genetic variation limits lifespan to 3 years. Painted Wolf packs kill prey twice a day, that limits the number of Reserves that can afford the cost of replacing prey.

Hyaena picta, Temminck 1820.
Lycaon pictus, Brookes 1827.
(Lykourgos Lykos Lykourgos Greek, Lycurgus Lycus Latinized, Lukos Romanized, myth-king), (Lykaios wolf-god).
Lycus (Thebes); In Greek mythology, Lycus or Lykos (/ˈlaɪkəs/ LY-kəs; Ancient Greek: Λύκος, romanized: Lúkos, Literal translation 'wolf')

G Kruger NP animal populations 2011; [1,500 to 1] impala 176,000; [45:1] spotted hyena 5,340; [15:1] lion 1,720; [9:1] leopard 1,000; painted wolf 120; cheetah 120.

Since 1827 Painted Wolf translates to Lycaon Pictus.

Re: Freedom Front Plus org za, Werner Weber, Jun 2023, poachers walk into the Manyeleti Reserve with their hunting dogs:

Painted wolves are not feral wild dogs.
Lycaon is Greek for a Germanic word Wolf, Lupus in Latin, packs are led by an alpha pair, they cannot be domesticated, or breed with domestic Canis Dogs.
The regional 'wild dog' name contributes to the frequent misconception that painted wolves (Lycaon pictus) are feral dogs (Canis lupus familiaris).
In 1879 Southern African Government passed a Vagrant-Dog Tax, painted wolves, Bantu dogs, hyenas, jackals, foxes, without a Dog Tag were shot/poisoned.
From 1916 to 1977 the Rhodesian government paid for 'VERMIN WILD DOG' pelts, thousands of painted wolves were killed

Africa has 5 genera of undomesticated canids, Lycaon-painted wolves, Lupulella-jackals, Otocyon-fox, Vulpes-fox, Canis-gray wolves

IUCN Endangered - an observed, estimated, inferred or suspected population size reduction of ≥ 70% over the last 10 years or three generations

RE: NIH; Bovine tuberculosis spread to South Africa and other colonies with the importation of cattle from Europe in the early 1800s and was first diagnosed in a bovine in South Africa in 1880

Challenges for controlling bovine tuberculosis in South Africa

Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2020; 87(1): 1690.
Published online 2020 Feb 27. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v87i1.1690

https : // www. ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/ pmc/articles / PMC7059242/

Africa has 5 genera of undomesticated canids, Lycaon-painted wolves, Lupulella-jackals, Otocyon-fox, Vulpes-fox, Canis-wolves.
Wolf, Noun, pre-12th century, from Old High German wolf, Latin lupus, Greek lykos.
Led by a alpha pair that live and hunt as a pack.
Dog, pre-12th century, from old English, docga; domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) Latin Canis, the only domesticated hybrid of the 38 named Canis-hybrids.
Canid (1889).

Painted Wolves IUCN Red List since 1990 facing extinction in the wild.
Africa averages 1,400; South Africa 372, GKNP 163, adult painted wolves - IUCN Red List population decreasing;
African Journal of Wildlife Research, KZN, Limpopo, Mpumalanga 79.
EWT: on GKNP lions cause 90% of painted wolves deaths, off Reserve humans cause 96%.
EWT: on GKNP painted wolves have a average lifespan of only 3 years
AJWR - 20 year study from 2020.
Number of adults: 90–111.
Number of adults in largest subpopulation: 48.
Number of severely fragmented subpopulations: 14.

The colonial names for Southern African canines, looks very confused to a modern eye. In many sources, Europeans called hyenas 'wolves', jackals 'foxes', painted wolves 'hyenas'.

RE: Canis Africanis: A Dog History of Southern Africa, Lance Van Sittert, Sandra Scott Swart, BRILL, 2008

SA history, San, Bantu, Dutch arrive in 1652, British in 1795; in the Western Cape painted wolves were misidentified as hyenas RE: SANBI;

IUCN African Parks populations, Painted Wolf 1,400 Adults; Black Rhino 5,500; Cheetah 7,000; White Rhino 21,000; Lion 34,000; Spotted Hyena 47,000; Giraffe 97,000; Impala 2 Million

painted wolves are not 'vicious, brutal, savage' they are only trying to survive

there are no records of painted wolves attacking humans in the wild

painted wolves do not fight over food, and will help feed their injured pack members

painted wolves have powerful jaws with specialized carnassial teeth to quickly slice and consume prey before kleptoparasites arrive, the prey dies quickly from shock or loss of blood

San Diego Zoo, painted wolf size height 39", weight 75 lbs, run 37 mph for 3 miles: Arctic gray wolf hgt 31", wgt 125 lbs; Mexican gray wolf hgt 32", wgt 80 lbs; Bergman's Rule, animals in cold regions are bulkier.

Researchgate com
A 20-Year Review of the Status and Distribution of African Painted Wolves in South Africa

February 2020 African Journal of Wildlife Research 50(1):8

DOI:10.3957/056.050.0008

South Africa is 1 of only 7 countries with a viable population of African painted wolves

fair use

Видео UPDATE Manyeleti Game Reserve snare - Maribye's tracks leave Djuma, northward, AM May 19 2024 канала PaintedWolf