Why You Can Never Reach the Speed of Light: A Visualization of Special Relativity

This video is an entry for the Breakthrough Junior Challenge 2015 which gives a unique visualization of Special Relativity using hyperbolic geometry.

This idea was inspired by the famous woodcut by M.C. Escher Circle Limit III. http://www.mcescher.com/gallery/recognition-success/circle-limit-iii/

I liked the idea of making a video on Special Relativity because I had already explored the use of M.C. Escher’s woodcut Circle Limit III as a teaching tool for explaining the hyperbolic geometry of Minkowski spacetime. The main intuition is that the principle of Relativity asserts that the manifold of frames of reference is homogeneous and isotropic, and there are exactly three geometries associated with this: Sphere (which exists as rotations through space), Plane (which represents Galilean Relativity) and the Hyperbolic Plane (which exists as rotations through spacetime).

I wanted to find a way to use this intuition without overwhelming the audience with technical terms. When the timelike unit vectors in 2+1 spacetime (which correspond to velocity four-vectors) are projected onto a disk (see Wikipedia: “Hyperboloid model”), the result is the Poincare Disk Model, which is (almost) the geometry portrayed in Circle Limit III. I had never seen anyone to use this as a visualization of Special Relativity, and so I decided to make the video.

Public Domain Image Sources (in order of appearance):
Einstein: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Albert_Einstein#/media/File:Albert_Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer.jpg
pulse of light: https://pixabay.com/en/light-bokeh-yellow-red-frequency-681186/
stopwatches: https://pixabay.com/en/stopwatch-clock-many-time-hours-911767/
crowd: https://pixabay.com/en/men-personal-many-human-silhouette-695653/
beakers: https://pixabay.com/en/beakers-experiment-flasks-research-309864/
map: https://pixabay.com/en/world-map-earth-global-continents-146505/
wall clock: https://pixabay.com/en/clock-analog-time-watch-147257/
starburst: http://www.cliparthut.com/starburst-clip-art-clipart-ntmLZk.html
Electric Current: https://pixabay.com/en/current-electric-charge-electricity-738818/
mouth: https://pixabay.com/en/lips-sexy-mouth-kiss-passion-150003/
water waves: https://pixabay.com/en/banner-header-wave-wavy-background-904889/
cosmic lake: https://pixabay.com/en/graphics-virtuoso-technique-and-great-954343/
Galileo: http://fineartamerica.com/featured/1-galileo-galilei-oprea-nicolae.html
flashlight: https://pixabay.com/en/light-torch-lamp-electric-159858/
Poincare: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henri_Poincaré-2.jpg
Einstein: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Portraits_of_Albert_Einstein#/media/File:Einstein-formal_portrait-35.jpg
Lorentz: :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz#/media/File:Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg
Minkowski: :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Minkowski#/media/File:Minkowski.JPG
star cluster:https://pixabay.com/en/star-clusters-galaxy-star-ngc-602-74052/
trash can: https://pixabay.com/en/trash-can-garbage-can-waste-basket-23653/
Einstein and Lorentz: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz#/media/File:Einstein_en_Lorentz.jpg
car: https://pixabay.com/en/car-red-vehicle-automobile-classic-160337/
bicycle: https://pixabay.com/en/vintage-bicycle-old-pretty-937960/
jet: https://pixabay.com/en/jet-airplane-plane-military-158846/
spacetime: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski_space#/media/File:World_line.svg
atomic cloud: https://pixabay.com/en/explosion-nuclear-blast-cloud-308363/
stopwatch: https://pixabay.com/en/stopwatch-racing-timer-timing-153398/

Software used to create this video includes iMovie, Keynote, Pixelmator, MathType, and Quicktime Player.

Видео Why You Can Never Reach the Speed of Light: A Visualization of Special Relativity канала Kadi Runnels