ASME VIII Pressure vessel nozzle reinforced pad

Nozzles are installed on pressure vessels by cutting a hole in the vessel shell, then install the nozzle by welding.
Due to metal removal and welding, a stress concentration or risers is foreseen at the intersection weld joint, between nozzle and shell, particularly when the branched nozzles are smaller and have lesser thicknesses.
a Reinforcing Pad, is a plate formed to the shape “alike donut” that goes around the nozzle joint to add strength to the joint.
ASME VIII, D1- UG37
(g) Reinforcing plates and saddles of nozzles attached to the outside of a vessel shall be provided with at least one telltale hole [maximum diameter 7/16 in. (11 mm)] that may be tapped with straight or tapered threads.

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