Hallmarks of Cancer and Hallmarks of Aging | Aging-US

Aging-US published this trending review in Volume 14, Issue 9, entitled, "Hallmarks of cancer and hallmarks of aging" by Dr. Mikhail V. Blagosklonny from Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204082

Corresponding author - Mikhail V. Blagosklonny - Blagosklonny@oncotarget.com, Blagosklonny@rapalogs.com

Abstract

A thought-provoking article by Gems and de Magalhães suggests that canonic hallmarks of aging are superficial imitations of hallmarks of cancer. I took their work a step further and proposed hallmarks of aging based on a hierarchical principle and the hyperfunction theory.

To do this, I first reexamine the hallmarks of cancer proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2000. Although six hallmarks of cancer are genuine, they are not hierarchically arranged, i.e., molecular, intra-cellular, cellular, tissue, organismal and extra-organismal. (For example, invasion and angiogenesis are manifestations of molecular alterations on the tissue level; metastasis on the organismal level, whereas cell immortality is observed outside the host).

The same hierarchical approach is applicable to aging. Unlike cancer, however, aging is not a molecular disease. The lowest level of its origin is normal intracellular signaling pathways such as mTOR that drive developmental growth and, later in life, become hyperfunctional, causing age-related diseases, whose sum is aging. The key hallmark of organismal aging, from worms to humans, are age-related diseases. In addition, hallmarks of aging can be arranged as a timeline, wherein initial hyperfunction is followed by dysfunction, organ damage and functional decline.

Press release - https://aging-us.com/news_room/hallmarks-of-cancer-and-hallmarks-of-aging-reviewed

Keywords - aging, oncology, carcinogenesis, geroscience, mTOR, rapamycin, hyperfunction theory

About Aging-US

Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

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