Rhine Falls, Switzerland

The Rhine Falls is a waterfall located in Switzerland and the most powerful waterfall in Europe. The falls are located on the High Rhine on the border between the cantons of Schaffhausen (SH) and Zürich (ZH), between the municipalities of Neuhausen am Rheinfall (SH) and Laufen-Uhwiesen/Dachsen (ZH), next to the town of Schaffhausen in northern Switzerland.

They are 150 metres wide and 23 metres high. In the winter months, the average water flow is 250 m3/s, while in the summer, the average water flow is 600 m3/s. The highest flow ever measured was 1,250 cubic metres per second in 1965; and the lowest, 95 cubic metres per second in 1921. The falls can not be climbed by fish, except by eels that are able to worm their way up over the rocks.

The Rhine Falls were formed in the last ice age, approximately 14,000 to 17,000 years ago, by erosion-resistant rocks narrowing the riverbed. The first glacial advances created today's landforms approximately 500,000 years ago. Up to the end of the Wolstonian Stage approximately 132,000 years ago, the Rhine flowed westwards from Schaffhausen past Klettgau. This earlier riverbed later filled up with gravel.

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