HP TET TGT | Medical | Biology | Reproduction in Plants

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All organisms multiply or reproduce their own kind.
 In plants there are two modes of reproduction, asexual and sexual.
 There are several methods of asexual reproduction such as
fragmentation, budding, spore formation and vegetative propagation.
 Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes.
 In vegetative propagation new plants are produced from different
vegetative parts such as leaves, stems and roots.
 Flower is the reproductive part of a plant.
 A flower may be unisexual with either the male or the female reproductive
parts.
 A bisexual flower has both the male and the female reproductive parts.
 The male gametes are found inside the pollen grains and female gametes
are found in the ovule.
 Pollination is the process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther of
one flower to the stigma of the same or another flower.
 Pollination is of two types, self-pollination and cross-pollination. In
self-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the
stigma of the same flower. In cross-pollination, pollen grains are
transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower
of the same kind.
 Pollination takes place in plants with the help of wind, water and insects.
 The fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilisation.
 Fertilised egg is called zygote. Zygote develops into an embryo.
 Fruit is the mature ovary whereas ovule develops into a seed, which
contains the developing embryo.
 Seed dispersal is aided by wind, water and animals.
 Seed dispersal helps the plants to (i) prevent overcrowding, (ii) avoid
competition for sunlight, water and minerals and (iii) invade new habitats.

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