Atrial natriuretic peptide (vasodilation) & Aldosterone

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• Certain situations will cause the body's stress level to rise.
• increased blood pressure will stretch the atria of the heart, stimulating the secretion of atria natriuretic peptide (MP).
• ANP causes muscle cells in blood vessels to relax.
• Blood pressure is lowered as a result of the vasodilation.

Na ion and water loss
• ANP targets cells of proximal convoluted tubule in nephron of kidney.
• Increased ANP inhibits the retention of Na+ ions, which reduces the retention of water.
• Less water returning to the blood causes blood pressure to return to normal.

Na ion reabsorption/K ion secretion
• High levels of Angiotensin II - resulting from low blood pressure, low levels of Na+ ions or high K+' ion blood concentration - stimulates the production of Aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa cells of adrenal cortex.
• Aldosterone binds to the cells of the distal convoluted tube and the collecting ducts of the nephron.
• Aldosterone promotes:
• Increased Na+, Cl- and HCO3- reabsorption
• Increased water retention
• Increased K+ and H+ secretion
• Aldosterone prootes an increase in blood volume and pressure by conserving Na+,Cl- and HCO3'-ions as well as water. Excessive K+ and H+ ions are removed.

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