Lecture -2 /Light /Law of reflection ,Mirror/ Plane mirror,Concave mirror, Convex Mirror.

Lecture -2 /Light /Law of reflection ,Mirror/ Plane mirror,Concave mirror, Convex Mirror.


Mirrors – Detailed Explanation
A mirror is a smooth and shiny surface that reflects light and forms images. In the chapter Reflection of Light, there are mainly three types of mirrors.
1. Plane Mirror
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Definition
A plane mirror has a flat reflecting surface.
Properties
Forms a virtual and erect image.
Image size is equal to the object size.
Shows lateral inversion (left-right reversal).
The image cannot be obtained on a screen.
Uses
Dressing mirrors
Periscopes
Decorative mirrors
Important Terms
Incident Ray
Reflected Ray
Normal
Angle of Incidence
Angle of Reflection
2. Concave Mirror
Definition
A concave mirror is curved inward like the inside of a spoon.
Properties
Converges parallel rays to a single point called the focus.
Can form real and inverted images.
Sometimes forms virtual and magnified images.
Uses
Shaving mirrors
Dentist mirrors
Vehicle headlights
Solar furnaces
Important Points
Pole (P)
Focus (F)
Centre of Curvature (C)
3. Convex Mirror
Definition
A convex mirror is curved outward.
Properties
Diverges light rays.
Always forms a virtual, erect, and diminished image.
Provides a wide field of view.
Uses
Rear-view mirrors in vehicles
Security mirrors in shops and malls
Laws of Reflection
First Law
The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal all lie in the same plane.
Second Law
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The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.

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