How the Dutch Controlled Indonesia (1816 – 1942) – A History of the Dutch East Indies

In this you you will learn about how the Dutch controlled Indonesia. The Dutch East Indies was the major part of the Dutch colonial empire. From 1602 there was the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, a.k.a. the VOC) which claimed many overseas territories like the Dutch Gold Coast, Dutch South Africa and Dutch Ceylon. In 1799 the VOC went bankrupt. After the Napoleonic Wars and the British Invasion of Java (1811) the Dutch state took over its overseas possessions. From 1816 the Dutch East Indies was declared. The Dutch implemented indirect rule to govern the Dutch East Indies. Also the cultivation system (cultuurstelsel) was applied which came down to ruthless exploitation of Javanese farmers. Later this system was replaced. Over the course of the 19th century the Dutch undertook many bloody colonial wars to pacify the Indonesian archipelago. Examples were the Java War (1825–1830) and the Bali Wars (1846, 1849, 1858, 1868, 1906 – 1908). The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger, a.k.a. KNIL) fought its most brutal war in the nothern tip of Sumatra. The Aceh War (1973 – 1914) lasted for several decades and left many dead. From 1900 the Dutch implemented the ethical policy (ethische politiek) to improve the welfare of the local population. In 1942 the Japanese conquest of the Dutch East Indies took place. Indonesia during WW II was under Japanese occupation. After Japan surrendered the Indonesian War of Independence (Politionele Acties) started. Indonesia became independent in 1949, although the Indonesians had declared themselves independent in 1945.
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Dutch_East_Indies_Expansion.gif → Gunawan Kartapranata - Own work

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Japanese soldier in World War 2
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