Kala Azar in India Near Elimination: Why the Last Mile Matters | Current Affairs | Drishti IAS

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India is close to eliminating Kala Azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis), also known as black fever, after a dramatic decline in cases—from over 77,000 in the early 1990s to just 429 cases in 2025. To receive elimination certification from the World Health Organization, a country must maintain fewer than one case per 10,000 population for three consecutive years, a benchmark India has already achieved for two years.
Kala Azar is a neglected tropical disease transmitted through sandfly bites, affecting internal organs and potentially becoming fatal if untreated. India’s near-success is attributed to improved drug regimens, including oral miltefosine and single-dose liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome), enhanced diagnostics such as RK-39 and LAMP tests, and strong surveillance systems. Experts from the Indian Council of Medical Research and Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative stress that sustained monitoring is crucial to prevent resurgence and address complications like Post Kala Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL).
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