Iron Ore in Minas Gerais Brazil | 71st BPSC Prelims Q68 #bpsc70 #upsc #ssc #rrb #ugcnet #statepcs

70th BPSC CCE (Prelims) – Held on 13th December 2024

Question:
Which of the following minerals occurs in the Minas Gerais province of Brazil?
✅ Correct Answer: Iron Ore
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Full Explanation:
Minas Gerais, literally meaning “General Mines,” is the heart of Brazil’s mineral economy. It produces over half of the country’s iron ore, which is vital for the global steel industry. The region’s Iron Quadrangle (Quadrilátero Ferrífero) contains high-grade hematite and itabirite ores that feed Brazil’s massive exports. The city of Belo Horizonte, capital of Minas Gerais, is surrounded by dozens of active and historic mines.

Mining here began with gold and diamonds under Portuguese rule in the 17th century, but the 20th century saw an industrial transformation toward iron ore. Companies like Vale S.A. modernized mining infrastructure, introduced conveyor-based transport, and integrated sustainable practices such as dry stacking to reduce tailing dam risks. Exports are carried through Atlantic ports like Tubarão, connecting Brazil to Asian and European markets.

Environmentally, Minas Gerais also highlights the challenge of balancing growth with sustainability. After the tragic Brumadinho disaster (2019), Brazil reinforced mining safety rules. Today, the region symbolizes both economic progress and the global call for responsible mining.
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Verification (Sources):

Britannica – Minas Gerais, Brazil

Vale S.A. Annual Report 2023–24

U.S. Geological Survey – Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024

Reuters – Vale reopens key mine, invests $12B in Minas Gerais (Sept 2025)

Global Mining Review – Wet Processing in Vargem Grande Project

[World Bank – Brazil Economic Update 2024]
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Keywords:
Minas Gerais Brazil, Iron Quadrangle, Iron Ore Mining Brazil, Vale SA, Brazilian Economy, Mineral Geography, World Mining, Economic Geography, Sustainable Mining, Hematite Ore, Itabira Mines, Tubarão Port, Resource Distribution, BPSC 2025 Geography, UPSC World Geography, Brazil Mining Policy, Global Steel Supply Chain, Natural Resources Geography, Mining & Environment
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