AMCA Big Update: Indian 5th-Gen Aircraft To Be Fast-Tracked | Turkey's New Plan To Counter Rafale

The HAL Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) is an Indian programme to develop a fifth-generation fighter aircraft. The Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) in collaboration with Aircraft Research and Design Centre (ARDC) are responsible for designing the fighter aircraft, while Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) will be the primary contractor responsible for assembly. Various other private and government sector enterprises are expected to contribute to the program.

AMCA will be a single-seat, twin-engine, stealth all-weather multi-role fighter aircraft. Feasibility study on AMCA and the preliminary design stage have been completed, and the project entered the detailed design phase in February 2019. A CAD model of the aircraft was shown at Aero India 2019.

AMCA will reportedly be unveiled in 2024. A total of four prototypes are planned initially, and the first flight is expected in 2025 or 2026. Production is expected to begin in 2029, but only after design of Tejas Mark II multirole fighter is frozen.

Since the Indian withdrawal from Indo-Russian FGFA program, it has been the only fifth-generation fighter in development in India. In October 2019 Chief of the Air Staff RKS Bhadauria said that DRDO "must" make the project happen. The Indian Air Force (IAF) wants to have "full control" in "defining" technologies of aircraft to avoid technology restrictions imposed when purchasing foreign-designed aircraft. As of 2019, The Indian Ministry of Defense was preparing to obtain approval and funds from the Indian Cabinet Committee on Security for the prototype development phase.

The Rafale was one of the six aircraft competing in the Indian MRCA competition for 126 multirole fighters. Originally, the Mirage 2000 had been considered for the competition, but Dassault withdrew it in favour of the Rafale. In February 2011, French Rafales flew demonstrations in India, including air-to-air combat against Su-30MKIs. In April 2011, the Indian Air Force (IAF) shortlisted the Rafale and Eurofighter Typhoon for the US$10.4 billion contract. On 31 January 2012, the IAF announced the Rafale as the preferred bidder. It was proposed that 18 Rafales would be supplied to the IAF by 2015 in fly-away condition, while the remaining 108 would be manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in India under transfer of technology agreements. The contract for 126 Rafales, services, and parts may have been worth up to US$20 billion.

The deal stalled due to disagreements over production in India. Dassault refused to take responsibility for the 108 HAL-manufactured Rafales, holding reservations over HAL's ability to accommodate the aircraft's complex manufacturing and technology transfers; instead, Dassault said it would have to negotiate two separate production contracts by both companies. The Indian Defence Ministry instead wanted Dassault to be solely responsible for the sale and delivery of all 126 aircraft. In May 2013, The Times of India reported that negotiations were "back on track", with plans for the first 18 Rafales to be delivered in 2017. Another point of contention was a provision where Dassault was to reinvest 50 percent of the deal's earnings into India's defence sectors, either through purchases or technological expertise. In March 2014, the two sides reportedly agreed that the first 18 Rafales would be delivered to India in flying condition and that the remaining 108 would be 70 percent built by HAL. By December 2014, India and France reportedly expected to sign a contract by March 2015.

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