GOLGI APPARATUS - Biology by Harcharan Sir live

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Prokaryotes have no GA and use the prokaryote-specific sec system and signal recognition particle-dependent translocation mechanism, situated on the plasma membrane, to secrete proteins . Eukaryotes, on the other hand, have a complex intracellular traffic system in which the GA plays a central role. The presence of GA in eukaryotic cells permits a higher level of sorting, modification and targeting of secreted materials.
Golgi Complex : The Golgi complex is the central organelle in the secretory pathway, and it mediates the modification, sorting and transport of proteins and lipids.
It was first observed by George (1867) but the credit of discovery was given to the Camillo Golgi (1898). He discovered it in the cytoplasm of nerve cells of cerebrum of barn owl and cat and named it internal reticular apparatus.
Cajal (1914) used the term golgi bodies. Dalton and Felix (1954) studied its structure under electron microscope. It is extremely pleomorphic as its shape and form vary in cells.
Golgi complex is also Known as Dictyosome (plant golgi body), Lipochondria (Rich in lipids), traffic police of cell, Idiosome, Baker’s body, Dalton complex, Golgisome, export house/middle man of cell. A plant cell has 10–20 dictyosomes.

The Domains of the Golgi Apparatus:
The GA has two faces. One of them which is convex one is the forming face (or input face or -cis face; receiving department) which receives the proteins in transport vesicles from the adjacent cisternae of the
rough ER (RER). The opposite concave face is the maturing face (or trans face; shipping department) which releases the modified, concentrated, sorted, packaged or labelled product into the cytoplasm . The most salient hallmark of Golgi structure is the presence of multiple membranous compartments, differentiated into cis, medial, and trans-Golgi, and organized into flattened stacks, which facilitates many key Golgi functions in mammalian cells.

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