Organic chemistry II hydrogen bonding

Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force that occurs when a hydrogen atom, covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, is attracted to another electronegative atom in a nearby molecule.

Types of Hydrogen Bonding:

1. Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding – Occurs between molecules, as seen in water (H₂O) molecules.
2. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding – Occurs within a single molecule, as in ortho-nitrophenol.
Characteristics and Importance:

Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds but stronger than van der Waals forces.

They are responsible for the unique properties of water, such as high boiling and melting points.

Hydrogen bonding plays a critical role in the structure of DNA and proteins, contributing to their stability and function.

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