Hypothyroidism or Underactive Thyroid: Common Causes, Symptoms and Treatment [2025]

Hypothyroidism or underactive thyroid is a condition where thyroid gland does not produce sufficient amounts of thyroid hormone.

Hypothyroidism is a common condition and it is not possible to prevent it. Most cases are caused by autoimmune disease in which the body’s own immune system attacks the thyroid gland, or by external factors.

The common symptoms are lack of energy, tiredness, slow bowels or constipation, weight gain, feeling cold, muscle aches, dry skin and hair, and psychological issues such as depression.

The other symptoms that can occur are loss of libido, pain, numbness or tingling in hands and fingers, and irregular or heavy periods.

The treatment of hypothyroidism is with daily hormone replacement called levothyroxine which raises thyroid hormone level in the body. This treatment is usually taken indefinitely, and most people have a normal life once stable on the optimal dose.

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