🔴 Rutherford Atomic Model and it's Drawback || Class 11 Chemistry in Hindi

In this Chemistry / Physics video in Hindi we explained the Rutherford atomic model and it's drawback with animation. Ernest Rutherford suggested Hans Geiger and his student Ernest Marsden to conduct an experiment, famously known as alpha scattering experiment, where alpha ray is scattered by a very thin gold foil. They found that 99.86% alpha particles went through the foil without deviation. Only 1 out of 8000 deviates by an angle more that 90 degrees and only 1 out of 20000 deviates by almost 180 degrees, i.e., rebounds.

After analyzing the result Rutherford proposed an atomic model known as Rutherford atomic model which suggests,

(1) The positive charge and most of the mass of the atom is densely concentrated in extremely small region. This very small region inside the atom was called nucleus by Rutherford.

(2) The nucleus is surrounded by electrons that move around the nucleus with very high speed in circular paths called orbits. Thus, Rutherford atomic model resembles the solar system in which the nucleus plays the role of sun and the electrons that of revolving planets.

(3) Electrons and the nucleus are held together by electrostatic force of attraction.
Drawbacks of Rutherford atomic model :

(1) According to electromagnetic theory an accelerated charge radiates electromagnetic radiation, thus loses its energy. Revolving objects have acceleration and electrons are negatively charge, hence revolving electrons must radiate electromagnetic radiation and lose energy. In this way, orbit must, continuously, shrink and electrons must spiral into the nucleus. Calculations show that it should take an electron only 10^-8 s to spiral into the nucleus. But this does not happen. Thus Rutherford model cannot explain the stability of an atom.

(2) Rutherford model does not say anything about the electronic structure of atoms, i.e., how electrons are distributed around the nucleus and what are the energies of these electrons.

Other related videos:

🔴 Discovery of Electron
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0P-pzCntgM

🔴 J. J. THOMSON EXPERIMENT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROaCqoMFC0Y

🔴 Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment
https://youtu.be/8sV2KG_-pWM

🔴 Thomson's Plum Pudding model
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9moVbOX7ez0

Link for the playlist on the chapter ‘Structure of Atom’ for Class 11 - Chemistry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0P-pzCntgM&list=PLW0F47OesfFM1vXY9uUT-sjgUGpOs8_Ss

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