Digital pH Meter = Calibration and Working Demonstration (English) By Solution Pharmacy

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A pH meter is used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of the solution. pH is the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. A solution containing more H+ ions remains acidic while the solution containing more OH- ions remains alkaline. pH value of solutions ranges from 1 to 14.

pH electrodeSolution having pH value 1 will be the highly acidic and with pH value 14 will be highly basic. The acidity and alkalinity of any solution depends upon the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxyl ions (OH-) respectively. A neutral solution as pure water has pH 7.

pH meter is used to determine the pH of different solutions in pharmaceuticals. It is more accurate method then the pH strip. A pH meter contains a pH probe that passes the electrical signals to the pH meter and pH meter displays the pH value of the solution.

The glass pH probe contains two electrodes, a sensor electrode and a reference electrode. These electrodes are in the form of glass tubes one contains pH 7 buffer and other contains saturated potassium chloride solution. The sensor electrode bulb is made up of porous glass or permeable glass membrane coated with silica and metal salts. A silver wire coated with silver chloride is immersed in pH 7 buffer in the bulb. Another silver wire coated with silver chloride is immersed in the saturated potassium chloride solution in reference electrode.

When the probe is placed in a solution to measure the pH, hydrogen ions accumulate around the bulb and replace the metal ions from the bulb. This exchange of ions generates some electric flow that is captured by the silver wire. The voltage of this electric flow is measured by the pH meter by converting it into pH value by comparing the generated voltage with the reference electrode.

Literature Reference- https://designerwater.co.za/working-principle-ph-meter-principle/

For pH meters to be accurate, they have to be properly calibrated (the meter is accurately translating voltage measurements into pH measurements), so they usually need testing and adjusting before you start to use them. You calibrate a pH meter by dipping it into buffers (test solutions of known pH) and adjust the meter accordingly. Another important consideration is that pH measurements made this way depend on temperature. Some meters have built-in thermometers and automatically correct their own pH measurements as the temperature changes; those are best if fluctuations in temperature are likely to occur while you're making a number of different measurements. Alternatively, you can correct the pH measurement yourself, or allow for it by calibrating your instrument and making pH measurements at broadly the same temperature.

Reference- https://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-ph-meters-work.html

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