Prolapsed Right Kidney. ⚡

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Nephroptosis, is rare and abnormal condition in which the kidney drops down into the pelvis when the patient stands up. It is more common in women than in men. It has been one of the most controversial conditions in terms of both its diagnosis and its treatments.

Human kidneys are reddish-brown, bean-shaped organs that filter blood. They are located in the retroperitoneal space and measure about 12 centimeters in length. The kidneys receive blood from renal arteries and release it through renal veins. Each kidney is connected to a ureter, which carries urine to the bladder.

The kidneys play a role in regulating fluid volume, osmolality, acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, and toxin removal. Filtration occurs in the glomerulus, where one-fifth of the blood volume is filtered. Various substances, including water, sodium, bicarbonate, glucose, and amino acids, are reabsorbed, while others like hydrogen, ammonium, potassium, and uric acid are secreted. The nephron is the kidney's functional unit, and an adult human kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons.

Apart from nephrons, the kidneys perform other functions. They convert a precursor of vitamin D to its active form, produce erythropoietin and renin hormones, and have roles in calcium and blood pressure regulation.

Renal physiology focuses on studying kidney function, while nephrology addresses diseases such as CKD, acute kidney injury, and pyelonephritis. Urology deals with kidney and urinary tract anatomy, including cancer, renal cysts, kidney stones, and urinary tract obstruction.

The term "renal" refers to the kidneys, and it is used in scientific writing. While some argue for replacing "renal" with "kidney," others support its continued use, including in phrases like "renal artery.
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