Kappatagudda Wildlife Sanctuary 🌿 Why It’s in News! | UPSC

A recent decision by the Karnataka High Court has brought the spotlight back on Kappatagudda Wildlife Sanctuary, a unique ecological landscape located in northern Karnataka.

The court directed authorities to include a previously excluded 55 sq. km reserve forest area, restoring the sanctuary closer to the 300 sq. km area originally approved by the Karnataka State Wildlife Board in 2019.

Situated in the Deccan Plateau region between Gadag district and Koppal district, the Kappatagudda hill range plays a vital role as a watershed. It acts as a major catchment area for the Tungabhadra River, which eventually becomes part of the Krishna River basin.

Often called the “Western Ghats of North Karnataka,” Kappatagudda is quite different from the lush forests of the Western Ghats. Instead, it represents a dryland ecosystem made up of scrub forests, grasslands, dry deciduous vegetation, and riverine habitats.

What makes this sanctuary truly special is its focus on protecting wild flora. It is the only wildlife sanctuary in Karnataka declared primarily to conserve rare medicinal herbs, grasses, and endemic plant species, making it an important gene pool for biodiversity conservation.

Despite its dry landscape, the region supports several remarkable species including the Indian wolf, striped hyena, blackbuck, four-horned antelope, and the leopard.

Beyond biodiversity, Kappatagudda also functions as a critical ecological corridor and watershed system, making its conservation essential for both wildlife and regional water security.

For UPSC aspirants and geography enthusiasts, this location is a perfect example of how biodiversity conservation, watershed management, and environmental governance intersect in India’s dryland ecosystems.
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