12 Archaeological Discoveries From Ancient Rome

From rare skeletons holding hands to a lost walled city, here are 12 archaeological discoveries from ancient Rome.

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12. Skeletons Holding Hands
Discovered in Modena at a cemetery in 2009, a couple was found buried together, laying side by side, holding hands. Dating back 1,600 years, everyone assumed that it was a man and a woman, with the female’s head turned to gaze at her male companion.

11. Ancient Dagger
While working in Germany last year, an archaeology intern named Nico Calman unearthed a 2,000-year-old dagger that the Ancient Romans used in battle against a Germanic tribe. The artifact, which dates back to the first century A.D., was found at the Haltern am See (Haltern at the Lake) archaeological site, still in its sheath.

10. Domus Aventino
While earthquake-proofing some luxury apartments in Rome in 2014, workers unexpectedly found the buried domus, or roof, of a lavish ancient villa. Estimated to be around 2,000 years old, the elaborately decorated structure was likely buried for centuries.

9. Torlonia Marbles
A series of over 90 ancient Greek and Roman marble works recently came out of storage and went on display in the Palazzo Caffarelli overlooking the Roman Forum. They come from the 620-piece Torlonia Collection, which is largely considered one of the world’s greatest private classical art collections. After years and years hidden away, people were finally allowed to see them.

8. Roman Building In Switzerland
When you think of the Ancient Roman empire, you probably do not think of Switzerland. But the empire’s reach once extended there too, as evidenced by the recent discovery of a large Roman building in the country’s southwestern region.

6. Vindolanda Chalice
Along Hadrian’s wall, a former Roman defensive fortification in what is now northern England, Archaeologists recently discovered an ancient, graffiti-covered lead chalice dating back to the fifth century. It’s covered in religious symbols, including crosses, a priestly figure, angels, fish, and a whale, and represents the first known example of Christian graffiti on an artifact found in Britain.

7. SACRIFICED SOLDIER’S ARMOR
In September, archaeologists working in Kalkriese, Germany discovered a near-complete set of Roman armor. The cuirass, which consists of a breastplate and backplate, dates back to 9 B.C., when Germanic tribes wiped out three Roman legions.

5. Preserved Brain Cells
A recently released study details the discovery of glassified brain cells in a Mount Vesuvius victim. And yes, that is glassified like glass. Don’t worry I’ll explain! Published in the journal PLOS One, the findings reveal the identifiable presence of brain structures within a black, glassy material found in the skull of a young man who died in the volcanic eruption that destroyed Herculaneum and Pompeii in 79 A.D.

4. Crucifixion Nails?
In November 1990, archaeologists in southern Jerusalem found the burial cave of Caiaphas, the man who, according to the Gospels of the New Testament, ordered the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Alongside his remains were two Roman-era iron nails, which some researchers believe may have been used in Jesus’s death, theorizing that Caiaphas wished to be buried with the objects because he felt haunted by his decision to kill Christ.

3. Mosaic Floor
Earlier this year, nearly a century after the remains of a third-century villa were discovered near the northern Italian city of Verona, archaeologists found the perfectly-preserved remains of a Roman mosaic floor. They had recently resumed digging at the site, located in a hilly section of the town of Negrar di Valpolicella, long after it was abandoned following the excavation of the villa in 1922.

2. Paving Stones Revealed By Sinkhole
In April of this year, a sinkhole opened up in front of Rome’s Pantheon, revealing ancient paving stones that experts were previously unaware of. Measuring eight feet (2.5 meters) deep, the 10-square-foot (1 meter2) opening contained seven travertine slabs, which were laid over 1,000 years ago.

1. Falerii Novi
Situated roughly 31 miles (50 km) north of Rome, the well-organized, walled Roman city of Falerii Novi became buried and forgotten about over time. In a recent study, archaeologists used ground-penetrating radar to identify and map the ancient towns covered ruins.

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