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Hill Cutting & Excavation Process in Road Construction

1. Site Preparation & Marking

Conduct a detailed survey using Total Station or GPS to mark the centerline of the road.

Fix benchmarks, offset pegs, and slope limits on-site.

Clear vegetation, trees, and bushes in the working area.
2. Earthwork Planning

Prepare cutting profiles as per the road alignment and design.

Decide the cutting method: manual cutting, mechanical excavation, or controlled blasting (for rocky terrain).

Ensure slope stability with bench cutting (step-wise excavation).
3. Start of Excavation Work

Begin top-down excavation from the highest point of the hill along the alignment.

Use excavators (JCB, Poclain) and rock breakers for soft to medium-hard rock.

For hard rock, use controlled blasting with prior permission and safety precautions.

Excavate in benches (steps): usually 1.5–3 meters deep depending on slope design.
4. Slope Protection

Maintain safe slope ratios (e.g., 1:1.5 or as per design) to avoid collapse.

Construct retaining walls or crib walls for support if needed.

Install geotextiles or nets on loose soil slopes for erosion control.
5. Drainage Arrangement

Provide temporary side drains to divert rainwater and prevent erosion.

Plan for permanent culverts, catch water drains, and cross-drainage structures.
6. Muck Disposal

Collect and transport excavated soil (muck) to authorized dump yards.

Avoid dumping on slopes or into rivers to prevent landslides or environmental damage.
7. Safety & Monitoring

Barricade working zones and put up safety signs.

Workers must wear helmets, shoes, gloves, and other PPE.

Engineers and supervisors must monitor excavation depth, alignment, and safety compliance daily.

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