How Does Rayleigh Scattering ACTUALLY Work? (The Blue Sky)

There are bunch of videos out there explaining why the sky is blue, but let's go a little deeper into the optics. Why does color matter? What's a vibrational resonance? What's actually happening on the subatomic level?
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VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS

Why isn't EVERYTHING a Mirror?
https://youtu.be/1n_otIs6z6E

Where Does Light Come From?
https://youtu.be/3TufSRaHB6g

The Color White Does NOT Exist:
https://youtu.be/-E6dxybpUvo
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RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS

MinutePhysics on the Blue Sky:
https://youtu.be/NafbGOQBlQs
https://youtu.be/R5P6O0pDyMU

Veritasium on the Blue Sky:
https://youtu.be/ro2MmmdARrs

This Place on the Blue Sky:
https://youtu.be/F_9Qip7mBC4

SciShow on the Blue Sky:
https://youtu.be/_Yli-yvNy-k
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OTHER SOURCES

https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/blue-sky/en/
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/atmos/blusky.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/cie.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/oscdr.html
http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/em/lectures/node97.html
http://munley.weebly.com/resonance-and-sky-colors.html
http://www.nat.vu.nl/en/sec/atom/Publications/pdf/Vieitez-08-ML.pdf
https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=atomic+spectrum+of+nitrogen

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/metal-alloys-densities-d_50.html
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/liquids-densities-d_743.html
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gas-density-d_158.html

Optics by Hecht

Tai Danai on Tensors:
https://www.math3ma.com/blog/the-tensor-product-demystified
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LINKS TO COMMENTS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpG3gqDM80w&lc=UgzsPRw2l7k0hrEfjCx4AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpG3gqDM80w&lc=UgzHWVyygKbf8h1WCb54AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpG3gqDM80w&lc=UgwGhQk8hmJKaDVCHRZ4AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpG3gqDM80w&lc=UgzAY2JTZsDMhcIk2614AaABAg
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IMAGE CREDITS

Lord Rayleigh:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PSM_V67_D097_John_William_Strutt.png

Видео How Does Rayleigh Scattering ACTUALLY Work? (The Blue Sky) канала The Science Asylum