11/03/2021 : Άγιος Σωφρόνιος Πατριάρχης Ιεροσολύμων | Όρθρος & Θεία Λειτουργία

Ὁ Ἅγιος Σωφρόνιος γεννήθηκε στὴν Δαμασκὸ τῆς Συρίας περὶ τὸ ἔτος 580 μ.Χ. καὶ ἦταν υἱὸς εὐσεβῶν καὶ ἐνάρετων γονέων, τοῦ Πλινθᾶ καὶ τῆς Μυροῦς. Λόγω τῆς καταγωγῆς του ἀποκαλεῖται καὶ Δαμασκηνός. Κατὰ τὴν νεαρή του ἡλικία ἐπισκέφθηκε τοὺς Ἁγίους Τόπους καὶ ἐκάρη μοναχὸς στὴ μονὴ τοῦ ἀββᾶ Θεοδοσίου, ὅπου συνδέθηκε πνευματικὰ μὲ τὸν ἐκεῖ ἀσκούμενο Ἰωάννη τὸν Μόσχο, ἀπὸ τὸν ὁποῖο διδάχθηκε πολλά. Μὲ τὴν συνοδεία αὐτοῦ ἐπισκέφθηκε τὴν Αἴγυπτο, ὅπου συνδέθηκε μὲ τὸν κύκλο τοῦ Ἁγίου Ἰωάννη τοῦ Ἐλεήμονος καὶ τὴ Ρώμη. Τότε πέθανε καὶ ὁ Ἰωάννης ὁ Μόσχος (620 μ.Χ.). Ὁ Σωφρόνιος μετακόμισε τὸ λείψανο αὐτοῦ στὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα καί, ἀφοῦ τὰ ἐνταφίασε στὴ μονὴ τοῦ Ὁσίου Θεοδοσίου, ἐπανέκαμψε στὴν Ἀλεξάνδρεια. Ἐκεῖ προσβλήθηκε τότε ἀπὸ ἀνίατη ἀσθένεια τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν. Ἐπισκέφθηκε τότε τὸ ναὸ τῶν Ἁγίων Ἀναργύρων Κύρου καὶ Ἰωάννου στὸ Ἀμπουκὶρ καὶ θεραπεύθηκε. Τὸ θαῦμα αὐτὸ περιέλαβε σὲ ἐγκώμιό του πρὸς τοὺς Ἁγίους αὐτούς.

Στὴν συνέχεια ἐπισκέφθηκε τὴν Κωνσταντινούπολη μὲ τὴν ἐλπίδα νὰ προσεταιρισθεῖ τὸν Πατριάρχη Σέργιο Α’ (610 – 638 μ.Χ.) στὶς θέσεις του κατὰ τῶν Μονοφυσιτῶν καὶ νὰ ἐκφράσει τὶς διαφωνίες του κατὰ τοῦ ἑνωτικοῦ σχεδίου, τὸ ὁποῖο ὁ Πατριάρχης Ἀλεξανδρείας Κύρος ὁ ἀπὸ Φάσιδος (630 – 643 μ.Χ.) ἑτοίμαζε γιὰ νὰ σιγάσει τὴν διαμάχη μεταξὺ Ὀρθοδόξων καὶ Μονοφυσιτῶν. Ἀλλὰ ἀπέτυχε καὶ ἀπογοητευμένος ἐπανῆλθε στὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα.

Ὅταν πέθανε ὁ Ἅγιος Μόδεστος, Πατριάρχης Ἱεροσολύμων (+ 16 Δεκεμβρίου), ὁ Ἅγιος Σωφρόνιος, γιὰ τὴν ὑπερβάλλουσα ἀρετή του, ἀνῆλθε τὸ ἔτος 634 μ.Χ. στὸν πατριαρχικὸ θρόνο τῆς Σιωνίτιδος Ἐκκλησίας. Ἡ κατάσταση ἦταν θλιβερή. Ἐσωτερικὰ ἡ Ὀρθοδοξία ὑπέφερε ἀπὸ τὴν αἵρεση τοῦ μονοφυσιτισμοῦ. Ἐξωτερικὰ οἱ Ἄραβες περιέσφιγγαν τὴν πόλη τῶν Ἱεροσολύμων. Ἤδη κατεῖχαν τὴ Βηθλεὲμ καὶ ὁ Ἅγιος Σωφρόνιος μὴ δυνάμενος, κατὰ τὸν Δεκέμβριο τοῦ ἔτους 634 μ.Χ., νὰ μεταβεῖ ἐκεῖ γιὰ νὰ γιορτάσει τὴν γέννηση τοῦ Θεανθρώπου, θρηνεῖ. Γιὰ τὴν ἀποκατάσταση κάποιας ἠρεμίας στὸ ποίμνιό του, συγκαλεῖ Σύνοδο καὶ καταδικάζει τὸν Μονοφυσιτισμό. Γιὰ τὴν ἀπόκρουση τῶν Ἀράβων ὀργανώνει τὴν ἄμυνα τῆς πόλεως. Τὸ ἔτος 637 μ.Χ. ὅμως ἀναγκάζεται νὰ παραδώσει τὴν πόλη τῶν Ἱεροσολύμων στὸν χαλίφη Ὀμάρ.

Ὁ Ἅγιος Σωφρόνιος κοιμήθηκε μὲ εἰρήνη τὸ ἑπόμενο ἔτος, 638 μ.Χ. Τὸ συγγραφικό του ἔργο εἶναι σαφῶς καὶ καθαρὰ ποιητικό. Διακρίθηκε κυρίως στὴν συγγραφὴ ἰδιομέλων καὶ τοῦ βίου τῶν Ἁγίων Ἀναργύρων, Ἰωάννου τοῦ Ἐλεήμονος καὶ Μαρίας τῆς Αἰγυπτίας.

This Saint was born in Damascus. As a young man he became a monk at the Monastery of Saint Theodosius the Cenobiarch in Palestine, where he met John Moschus and became his close friend. Having a common desire to search out ascetics from whom they could receive further spiritual instruction, they journeyed together through Palestine, Syria, Asia Minor, and Egypt, where they met the Patriarch of Alexandria, Saint John the Almsgiver, with whom they remained until 614, when Persians captured Jerusalem (see also Saint Anastasius the Persian, Jan. 22). Saint Sophronius and John Moschus departed Alexandria for Rome, where they remained until 619, the year of John Moschus' death. Saint Sophronius returned to the Monastery of Saint Theodosius the Cenobiarch, and there buried the body of his friend. He laboured much in defence of the Holy Fourth Council of Chalcedon, and traveled to Constantinople to remonstrate with Patriarch Sergius and the Emperor Heraclius for changing the Orthodox Faith with their Monothelite teachings. After the death of Patriarch Modestus in December of 634, Sophronius was elected Patriarch of Jerusalem. Although no longer in the hands of the Persians, the Holy Land was now besieged by the armies of the newly-appeared religion of Mohammed, which had already taken Bethlehem; in the Saint's sermon for the Nativity of our Lord in 634, he laments that he could not celebrate the feast in Bethlehem. In 637, for the sins of the people, to the uttermost grief of Saint Sophronius, the Caliph Omar captured Jerusalem. Having tended the flock of his Master for three years and three months, Saint Sophronius departed in peace unto Him Whom he loved on March 11, 638.

Saint Sophronius has left to the Church many writings, including the life of Saint Mary of Egypt. The hymn "O Joyous Light," which is wrongly ascribed to him, is more ancient than Saint Basil the Great, as the Saint himself confirms in his work "On the Holy Spirit" (ch. 29). However, it seems that this hymn, which was chanted at the lighting of the lamps and was formerly called "The Triadic Hymn," was later supplemented somewhat by Saint Sophronius, bringing it into the form in which we now have it. Hence, some have ascribed it to him.

Видео 11/03/2021 : Άγιος Σωφρόνιος Πατριάρχης Ιεροσολύμων | Όρθρος & Θεία Λειτουργία канала Άγιοι Ισίδωροι Λυκαβηττού