The human kidney | Best video. ✨

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Human kidneys are reddish-brown, bean-shaped organs that filter blood. They are located in the retroperitoneal space and measure about 12 centimeters in length. The kidneys receive blood from renal arteries and release it through renal veins. Each kidney is connected to a ureter, which carries urine to the bladder.

The kidneys play a role in regulating fluid volume, osmolality, acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, and toxin removal. Filtration occurs in the glomerulus, where one-fifth of the blood volume is filtered. Various substances, including water, sodium, bicarbonate, glucose, and amino acids, are reabsorbed, while others like hydrogen, ammonium, potassium, and uric acid are secreted. The nephron is the kidney's functional unit, and an adult human kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons.

Apart from nephrons, the kidneys perform other functions. They convert a precursor of vitamin D to its active form, produce erythropoietin and renin hormones, and have roles in calcium and blood pressure regulation.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue, with an estimated prevalence of 13.4% and millions of patients requiring renal replacement therapy. Diagnostic procedures for kidney disease include urinalysis, estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using serum creatinine, kidney biopsy, and CT scans. Dialysis and kidney transplantation are commonly used treatments for kidney failure, and nephrectomy is often performed to treat renal cell carcinoma.

Renal physiology focuses on studying kidney function, while nephrology addresses diseases such as CKD, acute kidney injury, and pyelonephritis. Urology deals with kidney and urinary tract anatomy, including cancer, renal cysts, kidney stones, and urinary tract obstruction.

The term "renal" refers to the kidneys, and it is used in scientific writing. While some argue for replacing "renal" with "kidney," others support its continued use, including in phrases like "renal artery.
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Видео The human kidney | Best video. ✨ канала Smart Doctor 👨‍⚕️