Dr Amp Ep2_Three Types of UPS System Technologies

What is a UPS -Uninterruptible Power Supply?

The purpose of a UPS is to provide emergency power (usually by a lead/acid battery) to a load when it senses that the input power source has failed. They are different from emergency power systems or standby generators because they provide near-instantaneous protection from power interruption by using a battery (which can be a supercapacitor or flywheel).

The battery itself usually has a short runtime (about 5-20 minutes), but it should be enough to either save all that precious data/progress that you have made, gracefully shut everything down, or fix the problem that caused the outage.

A UPS can be used to protect hardware like data centres, computers, and other electrical equipment where an unexpected surge/sag can cause serious problems like data loss, business disruption, and even injuries or fatalities.

Now Types of Uninterruptible Power Supplies

1. OFFLINE / STANDBY UPS.
The offline/standby UPS is the most basic out of the three. It provides light surge protection and battery back-up.

The key factor of this type of ups are

It is Inexpensive & Cost-effective choice for small and less critical & stand-alone application e.g. PC’s, Peripherals.
It is simple to use & hence reliable.
• Rides out more than 90% of mains outages.
• Overall effectiveness – 55%
• The critical load is supplied by mains in normal mode
• Inverter starts and supplies load during mains failure
• There is “10 – 15 millisecond. Power Break” during every mains failure and resumption.

2. LINE INTERACTIVE UPS
The line-interactive UPS has a similar design to the offline/standby, but with properties of an online/double-conversion as well.
The key factor of this type of ups are:

• Highly effective power conditioning and UPS backup system.
• Mostly suited for application areas where power outages are rare but there are frequent voltage fluctuations.
• Accepts a wide range of input voltage variation higher up to +15% to negative up to –25% Typ.)
• They have Higher energy efficiency and Overall effectiveness is about – 85%
• Single power converter does function of converting AC to DC and DC to AC.
• There is no load changeover relay on the output side and hence there is no break in output power to the load during the mains failure or resumption.
• Relay disconnects the UPS from mains during a mains failure condition.

3. ONLINE- UPS
The online/double-conversion UPS differs from the offline/standby as the DC/AC inverter is always connected on. This means there will be no transfer time between the main power source and battery, providing greater protection against spikes, sags, electrical noise, and complete power failure.
The key factor of this type of ups are:
• Provides the highest level of power protection and power conditioning and backup.
• Zero switchover time during mains outages.
• Completely Regenerated output power and not just conditioning of the mains power as in Off-line or Line-Interactive UPS.
• Provides frequency regulation (Essential for operation with backup D.G. sets)
• Overall effectiveness – 100%
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