Neanderthal: The Origins, Evolution, and Extinction of Humanity’s Closest Relative

Neanderthal - The Origins, Evolution, and Extinction of Humanity’s Closest Relative

By Radu Alexander

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Further Reading:
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/09/neanderthals-lost-history/540507/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC130635/
https://www.lindahall.org/about/news/scientist-of-the-day/johann-carl-fuhlrott
http://scihi.org/discovery-neanderthal-man/
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/first-adult-neanderthal-skull.html
https://www.lindahall.org/about/news/scientist-of-the-day/johann-carl-fuhlrott
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2603088/#:~:text=Virchow%20believed%20that%20the%20Neanderthal,Neanderthals%20are%2C%20indeed%2C%20ancient.
https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/la-chapelle-aux-saints
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7062415.stm
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/who-were-the-neanderthals.html#:~:text=The%20Neanderthals%20have%20a%20long,physical%20evidence%20of%20them%20vanishes
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/are-neanderthals-same-species-as-us.html#:~:text=Measurement%20of%20our%20braincase%20and,of%20Neanderthals%20with%20careful%20measurement.
https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/are-we-descended-from-neanderthals/
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/are-neanderthals-same-species-as-us.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/531286a
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/homo-antecessor-common-ancestor-of-humans-and-neanderthals-143357767/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7062415.stm
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02536.x
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200128-how-did-the-last-neanderthals-live
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/the-neanderthal-in-us.html
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/who-were-the-neanderthals.html#:~:text=The%20Neanderthals%20have%20a%20long,physical%20evidence%20of%20them%20vanishes
https://archive.archaeology.org/1007/etc/artifact.html
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/oldest-known-neanderthal-engravings-discovered-in-french-cave-180982408/
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jun/21/engravings-french-cave-oldest-known-neanderthals-scientists
https://www.nms.si/en/collections/highlights/343-Neanderthal-flute#:~:text=The%20oldest%20musical%20instrument%20in%20the%20world%2C%20a%2060%2C000%2Dyear,and%20has%20four%20pierced%20holes.
https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/15/world/neanderthal-shell-tools-scn/index.html
https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2020-06-16/ty-article/.premium/arrows-in-sri-lanka-over-45-000-years-ago-showcase-humanity/0000017f-f11d-da6f-a77f-f91f8f1a0000
https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/the-invention-of-spears-and-bows-and-arrows-may-have-helped-early-humans-drive-neanderthals-to-extinction/
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/131216-la-chapelle-neanderthal-burials-graves
https://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/shanidarz
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2233918-70000-year-old-remains-suggest-neanderthals-buried-their-dead/
https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/did-neanderthals-bury-their-dead-flowers-iraq-cave-yields-new-n1138601
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/who-were-the-neanderthals#:~:text=Some%20surmise%20that%20competition%20from,simply%20became%20outnumbered%20by%20humans.
https://news.stanford.edu/2019/11/07/new-theory-neanderthal-extinction/
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2022/october/neanderthal-extinction-maybe-caused-sex-not-fighting.html
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/who-were-the-neanderthals#:~:text=Some%20surmise%20that%20competition%20from,simply%20became%20outnumbered%20by%20humans.
https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/what-happened-to-the-neanderthals-68245020/#:~:text=One%20model%20postulates%20that%20habitat,eventual%20disappearance%20of%20Neanderthal%20populations.

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