Nationalism in India | Rawlatt act | jallianwala bagh | khilafat movement @Gagan-k25

## Rowlatt Act (1919)
The Rowlatt Act was a law passed by the British government in India that allowed for the arrest and imprisonment of individuals without trial. This led to widespread protests and opposition, marking a significant moment in India's struggle for independence.

## Key Points:
- Passed in 1919
- Allowed for arrest without trial
- Sparked widespread protests
- Contributed to the growing demand for Indian independence

This act played a crucial role in India's freedom struggle, leading to events like the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

##The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre, occurred on April 13, 1919. Here's a brief overview ¹ ²:
- *Event*: A crowd of non-violent protestors and pilgrims gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, to celebrate Baisakhi and protest the arrest of national leaders Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew.
- *Incident*: General Dyer and his troops blocked the only exit and fired on the unarmed crowd without warning, killing at least 1,000 people and injuring over 1,500.
- *Aftermath*: The incident sparked widespread protests, strikes, and clashes with police, leading to brutal repression by the British government.
- *Significance*: The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre marked a turning point in India's struggle for independence, destroying faith in the British justice system and galvanizing nationalist movements.

This event is a crucial part of the Class 10 history curriculum, highlighting the brutal measures employed by the British colonial regime and the sacrifices made by Indian freedom fighters

## Khilafat Movement (1919-1924)
The Khilafat Movement was a pan-Islamic movement in India that aimed to restore the Ottoman Caliphate, which had been abolished after World War I. Led by the Ali brothers (Maulana Muhammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali), the movement merged with the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, creating a powerful mass movement against British rule in India.

## Key Points:
- *Led by*: Maulana Muhammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali
- *Objective*: Restore Ottoman Caliphate
- *Merged with*: Non-Cooperation Movement
- *Impact*: Strengthened Indian nationalism and Hindu-Muslim unity

The movement eventually lost momentum after the abolition of the Caliphate by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Turkey.

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