1958 NAVAJO INDIANS DOCUMENTARY "BETWEEN TWO WORLDS" NATIVE AMERICANS 85284

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This 1958 color film shows the Navajo Nation of the 1960s, with a postscript from the 1970s (:13). It’s “A Line on America” film presentation of “A People Between Two Worlds” (:50), produced by Francis and Helen Line. This largest Indian tribe lives on a reservation mostly in Arizona into New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado (1:18). Sheep provides resources and an income (1:50-2:08). Most of the 15 million acres are too barren, mountainous, or heavily forested (2:10-2:34). Only 4 acres in 1,000 have enough moisture for crops (2:41). Life revolves around the hogan home and ancient customs (2:48-3:42). Trading posts provide a place to barter (3:43-4:00), including pawning turquoise jewelry, worn regardless of the task (4:01-4:22). A baby is shown on a cradleboard (4:25-4:34). In spring, wind creates sandstorms (5:14-5:30). In summer, flash flooding destroys roads and bridges (5:32-5:49). The roads are hard on buckboard wheels (6:11). A woman weaves a colorful patterned rug (6:36-7:04). New resources include oil pumps, natural gas wells, and uranium mines. Processing plants built at the edge of the reservation provide jobs and royalty payments (7:05-8:15). Students attend school (8:20-8:30). Report cards are often signed by a parent’s thumbprint (8:30-8:40). In response, the US government built elementary (up to 6th grade) boarding schools where children live for 9 months, such as at Shiprock (8:43-9:40). The government also built experimental trailer schools on the reservation with non-Navajo teachers (9:50-11:20). A bathroom trailer provides new experiences of running water, flush toilets, and toothbrushes (11:31-11:50). Before class, a breakfast of cold cow’s milk and biscuits is served (11:53-12:22); a happy lamb is bottle-fed (12:26-12:37); and the Pledge of Allegiance is given (12:40-12:52). The school teaches about the US government; health; prayer before a lunch that uses knives and forks; and gives out vitamins (12:53-13:35). They learn to read, speak, and sing English (13:36-13:54). A member of the Navajo Tribal Council visits the school, driving what may be a 1955 GMC Suburban carrier pickup truck (13:57-14:07). He talks to the classroom in Navajo, explaining the coming changes (14:09-14:20). An old Navajo woman is shown (14:45). The Postscript and Forecast (16:52) shows power lines across the desert providing electricity (16:59-17:12). Other changes include coin-operated laundries (17:20), shopping center supermarkets (17:27), a 1974 Navajo newspaper (17:33), water towers (17:39), and factories (17:44). The film predicts a population of 200,000 Navajos by the 1980s (341,128 at the 2015 census). The traditional hogan house stands in contrast to modern frame structures in housing communities (18:1-18:42). Roads are being paved and interstate highways built (18:51-19:00). The Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River provides new water resources via Lake Powell (19:23). Rainbow Natural Bridge and others (19:33-1944) provide tourist income. The Great Seal of the Navajo Tribe represents its new tribal government, often called the Navajo Nation (19:47-20:00). Strip mining for coal and power plant pollution bring issues (20:15-20:45). Public schools have been built, including the Rough Rock Demonstration School and a community college, both run by the Navajo (20:48-21:39).

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