Python Encapsulation, Polymorphism & Duck Typing Explained! | Part 18

Dive into the advanced world of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python! 🛡️🦆 In this video, we'll uncover Encapsulation (data protection), explore the power of Polymorphism (many forms, one interface), and truly understand Python's dynamic nature through Duck Typing. These concepts are crucial for writing robust, flexible, and truly Pythonic object-oriented code!
Encapsulation:
What is encapsulation? (Bundling data and methods that operate on the data within a single unit).
Why use it? (Data hiding, data integrity, preventing direct external access).
Python's Approach to Access Modifiers:
Public members (default).
Protected members (single underscore _ convention).
Private members (double underscore __ name mangling).
Implementing Getters and Setters (basic concept, or using @property decorator for more Pythonic way).
Polymorphism:
What is polymorphism? (The ability of an object to take on many forms; "many forms, one interface").
Method Overriding: (Recap from Inheritance) Different implementations of the same method in child classes.
Method Overloading (Python's way): How Python handles "overloading" using default arguments, arbitrary arguments (*args, **kwargs) (as true method overloading like in Java/C++ is not directly supported).
Operator Overloading: Customizing behavior of operators (+, -, *, ==, etc.) for custom objects using magic methods (e.g., __add__, __len__).
Duck Typing:
What is Duck Typing? ("If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, then it's a duck").
How it's a core principle in Python's polymorphism.
Focus on an object's behavior (what methods it has) rather than its explicit type.
Practical examples demonstrating how different objects can be used interchangeably if they support the required operations.

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