Yak-36 VTOL test jet | Soviet vertical takeoff pioneer of the 1960s

The Yakovlev Yak-36 was the Soviet Union’s first successful jet-powered VTOL aircraft, developed by the Yakovlev Design Bureau in the early 1960s. It achieved its first untethered vertical flight in 1963 and completed a full transition flight in 1966, proving the feasibility of vertical takeoff and landing jet operations.
Powered by twin Tumansky R-27-300 engines with swiveling nozzles, the Yak-36 reached speeds of around 560 mph and had a range of approximately 230 miles. Although only four prototypes were built and it never entered production, it served as a crucial test platform for Soviet VTOL technology.
Its development directly led to the Yakovlev Yak-38, the USSR’s first operational VTOL aircraft, which featured advanced safety systems such as an automatic ejection seat for emergency situations.

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