Memory and the Hippocampus

This neuroscience video will help you to understand the structures/anatomy and the functions of the hippocampus located within the medial temporal lobe of the limbic system. The trisynaptic circuity is the pathway of memory transmission in the hippocampus which is explained in the video.

The hippocampus is part of the hippocampal formation which includes the dentate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and hippocampal gyrus. The hippocampal gyrus contains areas such as the entorhinal cortex and subiculum, which are both vital in the flow of information through the hippocampus.

The hippocampus is divided into CA1 to CA4 regions which stands for cornu ammonis. This is the area of the brain which has a very important role in memory due to the high levels of NMDA glutamatergic receptors located in the CA1 Schaffer collateral neurons. The synaptic plasticity of these neurons heavily relies on long-term potentiation (LTP) induction to allow the strengthening of declarative memory (which includes two types of implicit memory such as episodic and semantic memory – Facts and events).

The trisynaptic circuit receives sensory input from the cortical regions of the brain which enters via the entorhinal cortex. This projects via the perforant pathway to the dentate gyrus, then to the CA3 region via the mossy fiber pathway to future travel to the CA3 neurons through the Schaffer collateral pathway. Finally, this signal is outputted from the subiculum to the rest of the various areas of the brain such as the Fornix (which can loop back to the entorhinal cortex).

If the sensory input is very strong and is repeated multiple times, LTP will be induced to increase synaptic connections. This allows the trisynaptic system to occur more rapidly next time.

#Memoryformation #neuroanatomy #youcanlearnanything

What is the hippocampus? What does the Hippocampus do? Where does Memory and Learning occur in the brain? What is the hippocampus structure? Where is the hippocampus located? What is the function of the hippocampus? What does the hippocampus mean? How does your memory work?

We will answer all this in this video so let us know how we do!

Copyright Mentions:
• Footage Provided By a href="http://www.videezy.com" Videezy /a, www. videvo.net
• Xu, X., Sun, Y., Holmes, T. and López, A., 2016. Noncanonical connections between the subiculum and hippocampal CA1. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 524(17), pp.3666-3673.
• Henry Gray (1918) Anatomy of the Human Body Book
• Medical Dictionary 2011. Hippocampus (Online). Available: https://medicine.academic.ru/3923/Hippocampus (Accessed 31 March 2020).
• Hippocampal Neurons Image by Dr. Wutian Wu Affiliatio: CTO, Re-Stem Biotechnology, Suzhou, China -nikonsmallworld
• Basal Ganglia In The Brain from Science Photo Library Art – Pixels.com
• Freestyle Beat from www.MixlaProduction.com

Видео Memory and the Hippocampus канала BioBrainBuddies