classification of organic compounds | L-1 U-1 | classification nomenclature and isomerism | POC-1

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classification nomenclature and isomerism - Introduction, classification of organic compounds

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definitions :-
Organic compounds :- those compound which contain carbon atom.
organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Classification of Organic Compounds 

Organic Compounds can be classified on two bases. Firstly we will talk about organic compounds which are based on “Structure” and secondly, we will discuss the organic compounds which are based on “Function”. Now we will study these classifications of organic compounds in detail.
1. Classification of Organic Compounds Based on Structure
(i) Acyclic or open chain compounds

(ii) Cyclic or closed chain compounds
(i) Acyclic or Open-chain Compounds:- 

Acyclic compounds are just opposite to cyclic compounds because their molecules don’t form any ring. It is called open chain compounds because they have a linear structure. The best examples of these compounds are acyclic aliphatic compounds and alkanes. Open-chain compounds can be understood by straight-chain compounds and branched-chain compounds. In the straight-chain compounds don’t have any side chains but branched-chain compounds’ atoms have the straight chain and one or more than one side chains are attached to it. 

(ii) Cyclic or Closed-chain Compounds:- 

Cyclic compounds are also known as “Ring compounds”. As its second name suggests, cyclic compounds are those kinds of compounds where one or more than one number of atoms get connected to form a closed ring. It is not mandatory that every ring of these compounds is to be of the same size.

Cyclic or Closed-chain Compounds

Cyclic or closed-chain compounds always have a prior place in human being’s day to day life as human encounters these compounds on a daily basis. They are also categorized into two divisions. The first division is about “Heterocyclic” and second division is about “Homocyclic”. Now we will discuss these categories one by one.
(a) Heterocyclic:-

Heterocyclic compounds are a kind of cyclic compounds in which the ring structure exists. We can understand these compounds in very simple definition as it is like of any other dominant branch of organic compounds in which two or more than two atoms join in the ring shape in their molecules. Although they have atoms of carbon, it must be noticed that at least one atom of another element also exists. The very familiar examples of these compounds are synthetic dyes, nucleic acids and most of the drugs. 
(b) Homocyclic:- 

If we talk about organic chemistry Homocyclic compounds are the type of cyclic compounds, unlike heterocyclic, in which the ring structure is formed by the atoms. This ring structure is made up of the same elements’ atoms and this element is the carbon. This is called as Carbocyclic compounds. No element other than carbon can exist in this compound. Although in inorganic chemistry homocyclic compounds have ring structures which have been formed by diff-diff elements’ atom like boron, sulphur, phosphorous and so on. The best examples of this compound are naphthalene, tetracene, benzene and so on.

Heterocyclic

Heterocyclic compounds are divided into two broad categories which are named as Alicyclic heterocyclic compounds and Aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Now, we will discuss these categories in brief.
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