Carbon and its compounds Class 10 Science|Covalent Bonding in Carbon|Versatile Nature of Carbon|CBSE

Carbon and its compounds Class 10 Science|Covalent Bonding in Carbon|Versatile Nature of Carbon|CBSE

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

#whycarbonmakescovalentbond

We know that the reactivity of elements is explained as their tendency to attain a completely filled outer shell, that is, attain noble gas
configuration. Elements forming ionic compounds achieve this by either gaining or losing electrons from the outermost shell. In the case of carbon,it has four electrons in its outermost shell and needs to gain or lose four electrons to attain noble gas configuration. If it were to gain or lose electrons –
(i) It could gain four electrons forming C4– anion. But it would be difficult for the nucleus with six protons to hold on to ten electrons, that is, four extra electrons.
(ii) It could lose four electrons forming C4+ cation. But it would require a large amount of energy to remove four electrons leaving behind a carbon cation with six protons in its nucleus holding on to just two
electrons.

Carbon overcomes this problem by sharing its valence electrons with
other atoms of carbon or with atoms of other elements. Not just carbon,
but many other elements form molecules by sharing electrons in this manner. The shared electrons ‘belong’ to the outer shells of both the atoms and lead to both atoms attaining the noble gas configuration.

VERSATILE NATURE OF CARBON
Two factors noticed in the case of
carbon are –
(i) Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of
carbon, giving rise to large molecules. This property is called
catenation. These compounds may have long chains of carbon.

(ii) Tertravalency - Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other mono-valent element.Compounds of carbon are formed with oxygen, hydrogen,nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine and many other elements giving rise to compounds with specific properties which depend on the elements other than carbon present in the molecule.
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Видео Carbon and its compounds Class 10 Science|Covalent Bonding in Carbon|Versatile Nature of Carbon|CBSE канала Anjali Sharma