mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA function | Types of RNA

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---TRANSCRIPT---
Thanks for stopping by, this is 2 minute classroom and today we are talking about RNA, specifically mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.

Let’s start with mRNA or messenger RNA, so named because it acts as the messenger between DNA and protein production. And if you want to know the differences between RNA and DNA, I have a great video for that linked here and in the description.

When you discuss RNA in school, you are usually learning about mRNA. During transcription, DNA is “transcribed” into mRNA. This mRNA is then translated into protein. It serves as the genetic template of a protein since the DNA can’t leave the nucleus.

Next, we have tRNA or transfer RNA. This is my personal favorite and honestly one of the most fascinating molecules in genetics. RNA is generally single-stranded, but tRNA actually folds back onto itself to form a distinct “t” like shape. Without going too deep, transfer RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids together during translation to form the growing peptide chain that will become a protein.

Last but not least is rRNA or Ribosomal RNA. This RNA is a main component of ribosomes, which I have discussed in a previous video. rRNA combines with special proteins to form ribosomes which then “read” mRNA to form proteins. There was a lot in that sentence, so feel free to jump back and listen again if you need to. But essentially, ribosomes contain rRNA and help build proteins.

To bring it all together, sections of DNA are transcribed into mRNA, which is brought from the nucleus to the ribosome (composed of rRNA and protein) the mRNA is then read by the ribosome, which brings the tRNA in with the appropriate amino acids to build whatever protein the mRNA is a template for. It gets much more complicated, but that is a video for another time.

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Thanks for watching, and I’ll catch you next time.

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