Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Explain By Mansi Chowhan #medigocare

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide, though it can also occur in men. Early detection and advancements in treatment have significantly improved survival rates.

Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

1. Clinical Breast Exam

Many women first notice a lump or change in their breast.

Doctors may perform a physical exam to check for abnormalities.

2. Imaging Tests

Mammogram: X-ray of the breast; primary screening tool.

Ultrasound: Helps differentiate between solid tumors and fluid-filled cysts.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Used for high-risk patients or detailed imaging.
3. Biopsy

Needle biopsy (core or fine needle): A sample is taken from the lump for analysis.

Surgical biopsy: Part or all of the lump is removed and tested.

Treatment Options for Breast Cancer

Treatment depends on cancer stage, type, hormone receptor status, patient’s health, and preferences.

1. Surgery
Lumpectomy – Removal of tumor and small margin of tissue.

Mastectomy – Removal of one or both breasts.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection – To check for cancer spread.

2. Radiation Therapy
Used after surgery to destroy residual cancer cells, especially after lumpectomy.

3. Chemotherapy
Given before (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) surgery to kill cancer cells. Especially used for:

Triple-negative breast cancer

HER2-positive cancers (with HER2-targeted therapy)

Large tumors or those with lymph node spread

4. Hormonal (Endocrine) Therapy
For ER/PR-positive cancers:

Tamoxifen

Aromatase inhibitors (e.g., anastrozole, letrozole)

5. Targeted Therapy
For HER2-positive cancer: Trastuzumab (Herceptin), Pertuzumab, etc.

For BRCA-mutated cancers: PARP inhibitors (e.g., Olaparib)

6. Immunotherapy
Used in certain cases of triple-negative breast cancer.

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