Impression, Sunrise - Claude Monet, 1874

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Impression, Sunrise - Claude Monet, 1874
A critic wrote this word as an insult. It became the name of a movement.

For two centuries, academic painting required invisible brushwork, smooth surfaces, and idealized subjects. You were not supposed to see that the painting was painted. Monet submitted this to an independent exhibition in 1874 - the brushstrokes are visible, deliberate, and proud. The entire sun is five strokes of orange-red paint.

A critic named Louis Leroy reviewed the exhibition under the headline "Exhibition of the Impressionists," using Monet's title as mockery. He called it "wallpaper in its most embryonic state."

Monet, Renoir, Degas, and Pissarro read the review and kept the name. Every art movement since - Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism - was named the same way: by critics who meant it as an insult. (Source: Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris.)
Five brushstrokes. One movement.
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