Anatomy of the Heart - Layers, Conducting System & Topography

Content:
Introduction: 0:00
Layers of the Heart: 00:29
Endocardium: 01:12
Myocardium: 02:04
Epicardium: 5:18
Pericardium 5:59
Cardiac Conduction System 7:21
Topography of the Heart 8:34
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Layers of the Heart:
- Serous Pericardium
- Fibrous Pericardium
- Endocardium
- Myocardium
- Epicardium

Endocardium
- Forms the Cusps of the:
○ Bicuspid Valve
○ Tricuspid Valve
○ Aortic Valve
○ Pulmonary Valve
○ Valve of the inferior Vena Cava (Vulva Vena Cava Inferioris)
○ Valve for the Coronary Sinus (Vuvla Sinus Coronarii)

Myocardium
- Form Fibrous Rings
- Myocardium of the Atria
○ Superficial Circular Muscle Fibers
○ Deep Longitudinal Muscle Fibers
○ Form Pectinate Muscle (Musculi Pectinati)
- Myocardium of the Ventricles
○ Deep Layer: Longitudinal Muscle Fibers
○ Middle Layer: Circular Muscle Fibers
○ Superficial Layer: Longitudinal Muscle Fibers
○ Deep and Superficial muscle fibers are connected, they form the Vortex of the Heart (Vortex Cordis)
○ Left Ventricle thicker than Right Ventricle
○ Form Trabeculae Carneae
○ Papillary Muscles (Musculi Papillares)

Epicardium
- It's the Visceral Lamina of the Serous Pericardium

Pericardium
- Serous Pericardium (Pericardium Serosum)
○ Visceral Lamina (Epicardium)
○ Parietal Lamina
- Fibrous Pericardium (Pericardium Fibrosum)
- Pericardial Cavity (Cavitas Pericardiaca)
○ Transverse Pericardial Sinus (Sinus Transversus Pericardii)
○ Oblique Pericardial Sinus (Sinus Obliquus Pericardii)

Conducting System of the Heart:
- Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
- Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
- Bundle of His
- Left Bundle Branch
- Right Bundle Branch
- Purkinje Fibers

Topography of the heart:
- Holotopy of the heart:
○ Heart lies in the Mediasternum Medium

Skeletopy of the heart:
- Superior Border: Third rib horizontally
- Right Border: Parallel to sternal margin. Linea Parasternalis
- Lower Border: Obliquely: From Cartilage of 5th rib to 5th intercostal space.
- Left Border: 5th intercostal space to the level of the 4th rib.
- Openings op the heart:
- Atrioventricular Openings: 3rd rib to the 6th sternal junction.
- Aortic and Pulmonary openings: 3rd sternal junction to the 4th sternal junction
- Topography of the valves of the heart:
- Aortic and Pulmonary Valve: 2nd intercostal Space
- Tricuspid and Bicuspid Valve: 5th intercostal space.

Syntopia of the heart:
- Anteriorly: Behind Sternum
- Posteriorly: Oesophagus
- Laterally: Pleura
- Inferiorly: Diaphragm
- Superiorly: Great Blood vessels
Sources used in this video:
- Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
- Biorender
- University notes and lectures

Видео Anatomy of the Heart - Layers, Conducting System & Topography канала Taim Talks Med