Top 20 causes of deaths in India (1990-2021)

Heart disease has remained the leading cause of death In India for more than two decades fuelled by unhealthy diets leading to high blood pressure and the buildup up blood fats (plaque) inside the walls of the arteries, inactivity, obesity and smoking.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including pulmonary hypertension, occupational lung disease, and interstitial lung disease, cause irreversible damage the airways and other lung structures to lower breathing capacity. Lung diseases are not curable, but can be managed using treatments that dilate major air passages and improve shortness of breath. Smoking, air pollution, occupational chemicals, dust and frequent lower respiratory infections aggravate lung conditions.

Some causes listed include deaths also included in more specific subordinate causes, and some causes are omitted, so the percentages may only sum approximately to 100%. The causes listed are relatively immediate medical causes, but the ultimate cause of death might be described differently. For example, tobacco smoking often causes lung disease or cancer, and alcohol use disorder can cause liver failure or a motor vehicle accident. For statistics on preventable ultimate causes, see preventable causes of death.

Malnutrition can be identified as an underlying cause for shortened life. 70% of childhood deaths (age 0–4) are reportedly due to diarrheal illness, acute respiratory infection, malaria and immunizable disease. However 56% of these childhood deaths can be attributed to the effects of malnutrition as an underlying cause. The effects of malnutrition include increased susceptibility to infection, musculature wasting, skeletal deformities and neurologic development delays. According to the World Health Organization, malnutrition is named as the biggest contributor to child mortality with 36 million deaths in 2005 related to malnutrition.

Diarrhoeal diseases are one of the biggest causes of under-5 deaths, killing between 800,000 and one million children, hospitalizing 900,000 and causing 327,000 visits to clinics each year. Adding Rotavirus vaccine to India’s universal vaccination program in 2016 to protect children against the leading cause of severe diarrhoea in young children, helped lower numbers rapidly.

India accounts for 2.8 million of the 10.4 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases globally, according to the World Health Organization’s Global TB Report 2016.

Overall, air pollution causes the deaths of around ca. 7 million people worldwide each year, and is the world's largest single environmental health risk, according to the WHO (2012) and the IEA (2016).

Death from traffic accidents rose three points over two decades. Road accidents rose by 3.1% in one year, from 4,50,898 in 2014 to 4,64,674 in 2015 – with deaths going up by 5.1%, from 1,41,526 to 1,48,707 during the same period, shows NCRB data. States that show the sharpest increase were Kerala, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.

Ranked the 10th cause of death in 2005, self harm or suicide is now India’s eighth biggest killer. Data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) has recorded a corresponding increase of 17.3%, 1,33,623 in 2015, up from 1,13,914 in 2005, in suicides over the past two decades decade.

Traditionally aging is not considered as a cause of death. It is believed that there is always a more direct cause, and usually it is one of many age-related diseases. It is estimated that, as an root cause, the aging process underlies 2/3 of all death in the world (approximately 100,000 people per day in 2007). In highly developed countries this proportion can reach 90%. There are requests of granting aging an official status of a disease and treating it directly.

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Source:
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