"Cardiac Development' by Lisa McCabe for OPENPediatrics

This lecture presents important features of cardiac development.

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Hello, my name is Lisa McCabe. I’m a clinical nurse specialist at Children’s Hospital Boston in the cardiovascular program. I will be discussing with you today Cardiac development. The information I will share is consistent with our practice here at Children’s Hospital Boston. You may want to adapt this information to your own institutional practice.
Fetal Development
During the first week of fetal life, the fertilized egg develops into a blastocyte and implants in the mother’s uterus. During the second week of fetal life, the blastocyte implants deeper into the uterine wall, and a primitive placenta begins to form. During the third week of fetal life, the primitive umbilical cord develops. Also at this time, the blastocyte develops into a three-layered disk. The three layers are: the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. Specific body systems will develop from each layer. The endoderm, or inner layer, gives rise to the primitive intestinal tube, mucous membranes, glands, lung buds, urinary tract, and yolk sac. The mesoderm, of middle layer, gives rise to the heart and vascular system, the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, skeleton, sex glands, lymph glands, kidneys, connective tissue, and blood cells. And finally the ectoderm, or outer layer, gives rises to the epidermis, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nervous system.
Cardiogenesis
Early in the development, the primitive heart develops two tubes that merge into one tube. The single tube begins to swell, and develops into various anatomic features of the heart. The heart begins o beat by week three. In normal cardiac development, the cardiac tube will twist and turns on itself in a rightward direction. This is called dextral-looping. This results in the right ventricle developing on the right side of the heart and the left ventricle developing on the left side of the heart. Abnormal looping in a leftward direction is called leval-looping. This results in the right ventricle developing on the left side of the heart and the left ventricle developing on the right side of the heart.

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