The Express Tribune Opinion Analysis| 16 May 2025| CSS PMS Preparation|Iqra's Civil Services Corner

Welcome back to IQRA's CIVIL SERVICES CORNER
In this opinion, you will learn about these concepts:

Important Points and Facts:

Over 1,600 civilians and personnel were killed across Pakistan in 2024, with terrorism intensifying in 2025 — mostly in Balochistan and KP.

Major attacks include:
February 2024 ISIS twin bombings in Pishin and Killa Saifullah (30 dead)
August 2024 BLA attack (73 killed)

March 2025 BLA's Jaffar Express hostage massacre (21 killed
)
May 2025 Quetta and Kachhi attacks on army personnel (17 martyred)

Pakistan blames Indian intelligence agency RAW for backing TTP, BLA, and ISKP; ISPR aired evidence including phone conversations and Kulbhushan Jadhav’s case.

The Intercept leak (Nov 2023) claimed RAW orchestrated cross-border assassination plots, including the murder of Hardeep Nijjar in Canada.

India is accused of false flag operations: from Mumbai 26/11, Pulwama, to Pahalgam, where Pakistan is blamed without investigation.

How it would help in CSS PMS exams ;
International Relations & Current Affairs

Offers an in-depth perspective on India-Pakistan tensions, covert warfare, and cross-border interventions.

Presents current geopolitical developments including intelligence warfare and cyber conflict, critical in modern diplomacy.

Explores 5th Generation Warfare (5GW) with examples of network compromise, pre-attack jamming, and psychological warfare.

Highlights Pakistan’s deterrence capability and military strategy, useful for defence policy debates.

Pakistan Affairs

Provides real-life examples of external threats to national security and internal destabilization via proxy groups.

Useful in understanding state narrative vs. international propaganda.

Opinion by Syed Mohammad Ali, 16 May 2025 :
India’s Suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT)

India’s unilateral suspension of the IWT after the Pahalgam incident has caused strategic concern in Pakistan.

Pakistan views any Indian disruption of western rivers' flow as an act of war.

There is skepticism about whether India can build sufficient infrastructure at high altitudes to meaningfully disrupt water flow.

Flaws in the Treaty

The IWT (1960) offers an oversimplified solution by merely splitting six rivers — three for India (eastern) and three for Pakistan (western).

The treaty ignored future challenges like climate change, glacial melt, and transboundary water pollution.

India has been permitted to build run-of-the-river infrastructure on western rivers, as long as flow to Pakistan isn’t reduced — a loophole it may exploit.
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Iqra Aslam

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