how to get current working directory in python

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in python, the current working directory (cwd) is the directory from which the python script is executed. it is essential to know the current working directory, especially when dealing with file operations. this tutorial will guide you through various methods to obtain the current working directory in python, along with code examples.
the os module in python provides a method called getcwd() that returns the current working directory as a string. here's an example:
in this example, the os.getcwd() function is used to retrieve the current working directory, and the result is then printed to the console.
the pathlib module was introduced in python 3.4 and provides an object-oriented approach to working with file paths. the path class in pathlib has a method named cwd() that returns the current working directory.
this example demonstrates the usage of path.cwd() to obtain the current working directory as a path object.
an alternative approach is to use the os.path module, which has a function called abspath() that can be used to get the absolute path of the current working directory.
in this example, os.path.abspath(".") returns the absolute path of the current working directory.
knowing the current working directory is crucial for various file operations and path manipulations in python. depending on your preference and the python version you are using, you can choose from the methods provided above to obtain the current working directory. consider using the method that best fits your coding style and the requirements of your project.
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